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Reactions & Energy
Chapter 2 - A & P Lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical Reaction | atoms, ion, molecules, or compounds interact to form or break chemical bonds |
| Reactants | substances that enter into a chemical reaction |
| Products | substances that result form the reaction |
| Metabolism | collective term used for the sum of all of the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body |
| Synthesis Reactions | two or more reactants chemically combine to form a new and larger product. - within the body synthesis is known as anabolism - produce carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids - form ATP |
| Dehydration Reaction | synthetic reaction where water is a product |
| Decomposition Reactions | a large reactant is broken down to form smaller products - within the body synthesis is known as catabolism Ex: breakdown of food |
| Hydrolysis Reactions | water is split into two parts that contribute to the formation of the products |
| Reversible Reactions | chemical reactions in which the reaction can proceed either from reactant to products or from products to reactants |
| Equilibrium | rate of product formation is equal to rate of reactant formation |
| Oxidation | loss of an electron by an atom |
| Reduction | gain of an electron by an atom |
| Oxidation Reduction Reactions | the complete or partial loss of an e- by one atom accompanied by the gain of that e- by another atom |
| Energy | the capacity to do work |
| Potential Energy | energy stored in chemical bonds, energy that could do work if it were released by breaking chemical bonds |
| Kinetic Energy | does the work and moves matter |
| Conservation of Energy Principal | states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant. energy is neither created nor destroyed, it can only change form |
| Forms of Energy: | mechanical, chemical, and heat |
| Mechanical Energy | energy resulting from the position or movement of objects |
| Chemical Energy | form of potential energy in the chemical bonds of a substance |
| Heat Energy | energy that flows between objects of different temp. |
| Activation Energy | minimum energy reactants must have to start a chemical reaction |
| Catalysts | substance that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being permanently changed or depicted |
| Enzymes | protein catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy necessary for reaction to begin - contains active sites - end in "ase" - ex: lipase |
| Active Sites | where reactants attach |
| Lock and Key model | reaction occurs where reactant bind to active site |
| Induced Fit Model | enzymes change shape to accommodate the shape of specific reactants |
| Cofactors | nonprotein substances that combine with active site and make nonfunctional enzymes functional |
| Coenzymes | organic cofactors (often vitamins) |
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