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Bonds & Electrons

Chapter 2 - A & P Lecture

QuestionAnswer
Chemical Bonds are formed when..... valence electrons are either shared or transferred to another atom
Ionic Bonding electrons are transferred
Covalent Bonding electron pairs are shared
Octet Rule atoms want a outer shell full with 8e- (octet) or else they are chemically reactive and form chemically bonds to achieve an octet
Type of chemical bod between atoms is determined by their difference in: electronegativity (ability of an atom's nucleus (positive) to attract electrons
Ionic Bonds atoms that have gained or lost 1 or more electrons by transference Ex: Cations (pos.) and Anions (neg.)
Covalent Bonds atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons Ex: single (2 atoms share one pair) and double (2 atoms share 4)
Nonpolar Covalent electrons share equally Ex: hydrogen
Polar Covalent electrons share unequally Ex: water
Molecules two or more atoms chemically combined to form an independent unit Ex: hydrogen molecule (H2), water molecule (H2O)
Compounds substance composed of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined Ex: sodium chloride (NaCl), water (H2O)
Molecular Mass determined by adding up atomic masses of its atoms or ions
Intermolecular Forces forces between molecules
Hydrogen Bonds when pos. charged H of one molecule is attracted to neg. charged O, N, or F of another molecule
Solubility ability of one substance to dissolve in another
Dissociation in ionic compounds, when ions separate and become surrounded by water molecules
Electrolytes solutions made by the dissociation of cations and anions in water - conduct an electric current - detected by electrolytes
Nonelectrolytes solutions made by molecules that dissolve in water but DON'T dissociate - don't conduct electricity
 

 



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