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Vn06/09
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A cat requires sedation with a 2% solution of Xylazine. The dose rate is 3mg/kg and the cat weighs 4kg. How many ml of the solution are required? | 0.6mls |
| Polydioxanone | PDS Absorbable Monofilament |
| Polyglactin 910 | Vicryl Absorbable Multifilament |
| Polyglyconate | Maxon Absorbable Monofilament |
| Poliglecaprone 25 | Monocryll Absorbable Monofilament |
| Polypropylene | Prolene Non-absorbable Monofilament |
| Polyamide | Ethilon Non absorbable Monofilament |
| Polyesters | Mersiline Non absorbable Multifilament |
| Stainless steal | Non absorbable Monofilament |
| Silk | Non absorbable Multifilament |
| Linen | Supramid Non absorbable Multifilament |
| Cauda equina is found within the | Vertebral canal at the lumbosacral junction |
| The thalamus and hypothalamus are known together as the | Diencephalon |
| Hypoxemia | Low concentration of oxygen within the blood |
| Total blood volume (per kg) in cats is: | 56-66mls |
| Is butorphanol an opioid | Yes |
| Is ketamine an opioid | No |
| Circuit factor of t-piece | 2.5-3 |
| Circuit factor of lack and mini lack | 1-1.5 |
| Circuit factor of magill | 1-1.5 |
| Circuit factor of Bain | 2.5-3 |
| Normal diastolic bp range for cat | 55-90 mmHg |
| When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the chest should be compressed by how much each time? | 30-50% |
| Order to drape with 4 | Nearest, far, over head, over tail |
| A convalescing patient needs an altered diet. It needs to contain a higher content of what? | Protein- Higher protein diets can help tissue growth and repair through transport of oxygen, protecting against infections and has structural role in cell walls. |
| What reverses benzodiazepines | Flumazenil |
| Hyperventilation leads to | Abnormally increased rate or depth of breathing or both that exceeds body's metabolic demands - leads to excessive elimination of co2 in blood Hypocapnia |
| Hypoventilation leads to | Inadequate gas exchange (removal of co2 + uptake of o2) due to sIow or shallow breathing - results in elevated partial pressure of co2 + respiratory acidosis Leads to hypercapnia |
| Ataractic | Tranquiliser |
| Depth topical anaesthetic produces | 1-2mm |
| Additive that delays absorption of local | Adrenaline |
| Fast rabbits for | DONT |
| Fast gp for | 2 hours |
| Fast dog and cat for | 6 hours |
| Fast puppies and kittens under 12 weeks for | 3 hours |
| Iodine dilutions for corneal surface and for lids and surrounding skin | Surfaces- 1:50 Lids- 1:10 |
| Shock fluid rates | Dogs 60-90mls/kg Cat- 40-60mls/kg Over 30mins to 1 hr |
| Scalpel blade sizes | 10, 11, 12, 15 |
| Normal handle size | Size 3 handle |
| Chlor hex contact time | 3-5 mins 3min |
| Hair removal around site | 15-20cm |
| Phenothlazines | Acepromazine |
| Neuroleptanalgesia | Phenothiazine and opioid |
| Alpha-2 agonists cause | Initial hypertension followed by hypotension |
| Imbalances in which electrolytes affect hr and rhythm and can cause cardiac arrest | Potassium and calcium |
| Rate of cpr | 100-120 bpm |
| Which scissors used for soft tissue dissection surgery? | Mayo |
| Recommended air changed per hour in theatre | 20 |
| Diathermy tips sterilised by | Steam and ethylene oxide gas |
| Hysterotomy | Temporary opening into uterus |
| What parts of neuron help to increase the speed at which nerve impulses can travel? | Schwann cell |
| Lidocaine IV in cats causes | Arrhythmias |
| Which electrolyte can cause arrhythmias when imbalanced? | Potassium |
| Atropine is a | Antisalagogue |
| Influence causes | Vasodilation |
| Instrument for ophthalmic surgeries made of | Titanium |
| Skin edges under extreme tension used what suture pattern | Interrupted horizontal mattress |
| Needle used on delicate soft tissue | Round bodies needle |
| Swab for culture and sens | Monthly |
| Control centre for respiration in brain | Medulla onlongata |
| 3 meninges in brain in order | Dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater |
| Blood volume of dogs | 80-90ml/kg |
| Acepromazine is a | Anxiolytic |
| Ketamine is a | Sympathimimetic and has direction action on the autonomic nervous system |
| Block for a upper right sided canine removal | Infraorbital |
| Hypoxia guard on machine | Prevents risk of delivering nitrous oxide without oxygen |
| Respiratory minute volume is | Resp rate x tidal volume |
| APL valve closed causes | Pneumothorax |
| Virulence | Ability of disease to perform damage |
| Cold chemical disinfection doesn’t kill | Spores |
| Temp Bowie dick tape changes | 121°C |
| Tissues most susceptible to damage from handling | Viscera- organs |
| Miosis is | Constriction of pupil |
| Miosis happens in | Parasympathetic ns |
| NSAIDS NOT FOR | Renal kidney disease |
| Urine output for patient in surgery | 1-2ml/kg/hr |
| Resp depression in cans can lead to | hypercapnia |
| Nitrous oxide cylinder what colour | Blue |
| % for chlorhex for WHO handwahs | 2% |
| % concentration for pov iodine skin prep for eye surgery | 1% |
| Rabbit defeacate within of surgery | 24hrs |
| Hypothyroidism delays wound healing | True |
| Hypothalamus is at | Base of brain |
| Noxious stimulus | Damaging to tissues |
| Allodynia | Stimuli that wouldn’t normally produce pain but do |
| Hyperalgesia | More pain than normal |
| Sterillium contact time | 90secs |
| Where pin index system found | Cylinder yoke |
| Brain-stem controls | Breathing, hr and bp |
| Parasympathetic ns does what to salivation | Increases |
| Functional cell of nervous system | Neuron |
| Carprofen is a | NSAIDS |
| Carbon dioxide cylinder is what colour | Grey |
| Bp cuff circumference | 40% |
| Repack and sterilise autoclave items every | 1 year Ethylene oxide every 6 months |
| Brownes tubes colour change | Glass tubes orange / brown liquid to green Autoclaves and hot air ovens |
| TST stripes colour | Yellow to purple Autoclave |
| Spore test | Culture test impregnated with bacteria tests sent to culture Autoclaves, hot air ovens and anprolene chambers |
| Bowie dick tape | Beige lines turn black from 121°C autoclaves |
| Indicator tape | Ethylene oxide Blue/green tape yellow lines- turns red on exposure to gas |
| Indicator spots | Autoclaves, anprolene chamber and radiation |
| Dosimeter strips | Changed colour when exposed to ethylene oxide |
| Ambient room temp surgery | 15-20° |
| Neuron types | Sensory motor and mixed |
| Nervous transmission, need what dietary component | Calcium |
| Phrenic nerve | Respiratory |
| Hypoglossal relevant to | Intubation |
| Neuron to neuron gap is called | Synapse |
| Neuron to muscle cell gap called | Neuromuscular junction |
| Components of peripheral ns | Spinal nerves and cranial nerves |
| Autonomic a responsible for | Unconscious responses |
| What is transmitted between synapse | Neurotransmitters |
| Forebrain includes | Forebrain - Cerebrum & diencephalon |
| Midbrain includes | Tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncle |
| Hindbrain includes | Medulla obligata, pons, cerebellum |
| Thalamus | Processes information from sense organs |
| Hypothalamus | Link between nervous and endocrine system (temperature) |
| Epithalamus | Contains pineal gland secrets melatonin |
| Spinal cord exits skull via | Foremen magnum |
| Reflex arcs don’t involve | Brain |
| Tidal volume | Cats and small dogs- 15ml/kg Med/large dogs- 10ml/kg |
| Residual volume | Air left in lungs after forced expiration |
| Total lung capacity | Total volume of air in lungs |
| Vital capacity | Maximum amount of air that can be forced from lungs |
| Functional residual capacity | Volume of air left in lungs after one normal breathe |
| Dead space | Volume of air which doesn’t reach alveoli |
| Triad of anaesthesia | Muscle relaxation, narcosis, analgesia |
| Barbiturates | Thiopentone |
| Alfaxan is a | Steroid |
| Phenol | Propofol |
| Ketamine is a | Dissociative |
| Tranquillisers | Relieve anxiety but don’t cause drowsy eg Acepromazine (acp) |
| ASA stand for | American society of anaesthesiologists |
| Spinal block injection in | L5-L6 |
| Phenothiazines is | Acepromazine- long duration of action 6 hours |
| TIVA | Total intravenous anaesthesia CRI |
| PIVA | Partial intravenous anaesthesia Injectable and inhalation |
| Pin index system prevents | Wrong gas attachment |
| Hypoxia guard prevent | Less than 25 to 30% oxygen |
| Co2 normal | 35-45 mmHg |
| Co2 hypoventilation at | 55mmHg - consider IPPV |
| ECG wave | Pqrst |
| P wave is | Atrial depolarisation |
| QRS compex | Ventricular depolarisation |
| T wave | Ventricular repolarisation |
| Breaths amount during life support | One breath every 6 seconds- 10 breaths per minute |
| Advanced life support adrenaline does… | (Epinephrine) peripheral vasoconstriction acts to increase blood flow to heart and brain- used in asystole and pulseless electrical activity (pea) |
| Advanced life support atropine does… | Anticholinergic drug- used to reduce vagal tone - used to control severe bradycardia - may lead to systole or PEA |
| Advanced life support lidocaine does… | Antiarrhythmic drug used for treatment of ventricular arrhythmia such as fast ventricular tachycardia. May be used as a chemical defibrillator- rarely successful |
| What number indicates adequate cpr efforts | 18mmHg on ETCO2 |
Created by:
Louise28