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chapter 18
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Railroads | Created first great concentrations of capital, spawned first massive corporations, made first of the vast fortunes that would define the Gilded Age, unleashed labor demands that united thousands of farmers and immigrants, and linked many towns and cities |
| The national market | the nationwide economic system made possible by improvements in the transportation and communication network |
| Electricty | revolutionized the the world; it illuminated the night and powered second industrial revolution, factories could run anywhere at any hour |
| Urbanization | An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements, city populations increased sevenfold |
| Immigration | many factors pushed people away from thier home countries, by far most important drawing migrants was economics. most came looking for work |
| Machine politics | an organizational style of local politics in which party bosses traded jobs, money, and favors for votes and campaign support. |
| Henry Grady and the "New South" | Newspaper advocate for the former confederacy, saw the south turning its back on the past and embracing industrialization and diversified agriculture through an alliance of northern capital and southern labor |
| Jim Crow | Laws segregating schools, transportation, employment, and various public and private facilities |
| Lynching | putting a person to death by mob action without due process of law - extralegal murder of individuals (usually Black) by vigilantes |
| Rebecca Latimer Felton | Georgia newspaper columnist and women's rights activist - who would become first woman to serve in US Senate - would endorse lynching as necessary evil to punish Black rapists and deter others |
| Ida B. Wells-Barnett | African American woman who was a pioneering anti-lynching advocate, published "Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases" |
| voter suppression | laws passed requiring voters to pass literacy tests (which could be judged arbitrarily) and pay poll taxes, effectively denying Black men the franchise secured by the 15th Amendment |
| The Lost Cause | A romanticized view of slavery, the Old South, and the Confederacy that arose in the decades following the Civil War inhabited by contented and loyal slaves with benevolent and generous masters. |
| Birth of a Nation | 1915, D.W. Griffith film that glorified the KKK of and defamed both Black and Northern carpetbag misrule during reconstruction |
| The "Gospel of Wealth" | book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism - moral obligation of the rich to give to charity |
| Business and morals | Farmers and labor organizers, meanwhile argued that God had blessed the weak and that new Gilded Age fortunes and corporate management was inhernetly immoral. |
| gender norms | the sets of rules for what is appropriate work. masculine (work outside of the home) feminine (work inside the home) |
| Women activists | targeted municipal reforms, gender roles, settlement houses, temperance, lunched labor movements and bolstered the suffrage movement |
| Muscular Christianity | sought to stiffen young men's backbones by putting them back in touch with their primal manliness |
| popular entertainment | Vaudeville shows featured comedians, musicians, actors, jugglers, and other talents that could captivate an audience |
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