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Week 3
Fetal assessment and gas exchange
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Types of fetal monitoring | Intermittent auscultation, External EFM, Fetal scalp electrode, Intrauterine pressure catheter |
| Where is the FHR the loudest | on the fetal back |
| What maneuver will the nurse do to find the fetal back for FHR auscultation? | Leopold's Maneuver |
| What is the normal range of fetal heart rate? | 110-160 BPM |
| What are the four categories of variability in fetal heart rate? | Absent- undetectable (Abnormal) Minimal- less than 5 BPM (Abnormal) Moderate- 6-25 BPM (Normal) Marked- greater than 25 BPM (Indeterminate) |
| What are accelerations in fetal heart rate? | Increases of at least 15 bpm from the baseline FHR lasting up to 15 seconds. Considered normal. |
| What are the 3 types of decelerations? | Early- Caused by head compression (Normal) Variable- Caused by cord compressions, sharp onset, shape of a V Late- Cause by uteroplacental insufficiency, begin and end after the onset of the contraction (Abnorma |
| Fetal acceleration and deceleration mnemonic | VEIL CHOP Variable- Cord compression Early- Head compression Acceleration- Oxygenation Late- Placenta insufficiency |
| What is croup | Mucosal inflammation and edema cause narrowing of the airway causing "barky" cough, inspiratory stridor or hoarseness, and respiratory distress. |
| Treatments for croup | Racemic epinephrine nebulized with oxygen to decrease laryngeal edema and bronchospasms. Oral dexamethasone to decrease airway inflammation. Cool mist or humidity |
| What is epiglottitis and s/sx | A bacterial infection that can lead to complete airway obstruction in 2-6 hours. S/sx include drooling, difficulty swallowing, difficulty talking, distressed inspiratory efforts. |
| What is Bronchitis and s/sx | Inflammation of the bronchial tubes. S/sx: persistent cough, fever, diminished breath sounds, wheezing, rhonchi, prolonged expiration. |
| Treatment for bronchitis | Rest, humidification, increase fluids, acetaminophen for fever. Avoid cough suppressants and antihistamines |
| What is pneumonia and s/sx | Inflammation of one or both lungs which may result in the presence of an infiltrate (mucus, fluid, blood). S/sx: Chest pain, productive cough, SOB, confusion, fever, nausea, vomiting. |
| Treatment for pneumonia | elevating the head of the bed and repositioning to allow drainage, O2, increase fluids, antibiotics if necessary, fever reducers, pain medication. |
| What is pertussis (whooping cough) | Caused by Bordetella pertussis (bacteria) that cause inflammation of the respiratory tract and difficulty clearing out pulmonary secretions. |
| What are the 3 stages of pertussis? | Catarrhal (1-2 weeks): runny nose. cough, fever, lacrimation Paroxysmal (2-4 weeks): whooping cough, cyanosis, protrusion of tongue, salivation, distension of neck veins. Convalescent (1-2 weeks): coughing, whooping, and vomiting |
| Treatment for pertussis | Dtap vaccine for prevention. rest, oxygen, fluids |
| What is tuberculosis and s/sx | Bacteria cause inflammation and infiltration of the lungs. Children age 3-15 are usually asymptomatic but if symptoms appear they will include malaise, fever, night sweats, slight cough, weight loss, anorexia, enlargement of lymph nodes. |
| Treatment for tuberculosis | 6-month course of antituberculosis medications |
Created by:
gutierrezpati