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intro to pharm 2

exam 1

QuestionAnswer
zero order rate processes the rate of drug elimination is independent of drug concentration
first order rate processes the rate of drug elimination is dependent of drug concentration
what rate process are majority of drugs? first order
pathways of renal clearance glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption
what does glomerular filtration affect? all solutes of appropriate sizes
MW of glomerular filtration </= 500 D
what is glomerular filtration influenced by? protein binding
glomerular filtration is? passive and unidirectional
tubular secretion occurs mostly in the? proximal tubules of the nephron
tubular secretion requires? a carrier protein to bring drugs out
what kind of process is tubular secretion? saturable
is tubular secretion influenced by protein binding? no
where does reabsorption occur? all along the nephron
reabsorption is passive by? nature and active
reabsorption favors? lipid soluble, unionized drugs
in reabsorption, weak acids and weak bases depend on? the urine pH and the pKa of the drug
renal clearance a net result of filtration, secretion, and reabsorption
effect of secretion on renal clearance higher renal clearance
effect of reabsorption on renal clearance lower renal clearance
dosing in pediatrics weight-based dosing
dosing in geriatrics dosing modifications based on a reduction in clearance secondary to reduction in liver and kidney function
what do oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis reactions introduce? functional groups to increase a drug's water solubility and can dramatically alter its pharmacological activity
concepts of pharmacodynamics drug in tissues, pharmacologic or clinical effect
sigmoid curve there is a relationship between drug concentration and effect
EC50 50% effective concentration
drug tolerance 50% mark is the same but concentration to reach is higher
what type of therapeutic window do we ideally want? wide, where there is little to no overlap between therapeutic doses and toxic doses
what type of therapeutic windows do most drugs have? narrow therapeutic windows
with narrow therapeutic drugs, small changes in dose result in? large increases in the likelihood of toxicities
types of drug-receptor interactions agonists, antagonists, allosteric interactions
agonists full agonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists
full agonists cause downstream effects
partial agonists partial downstream effects
inverse agonists opposite of what its supposed to be
antagonists competitive antagonists, non-competitive antagonists
competitive antagonists one binding site drug competes with to bind on receptor
non-competitive antagonists multiple binding sites
allosteric interactions allosteric activators, allosteric inhibitors
therapeutic index the range of doses at which a medication is effective without unwanted adverse events/toxicities
Created by: camrynfoster
 

 



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