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Brain Vocab
HBS Brain Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord; it processes information and controls responses. |
| Brain | The main control organ of the nervous system, responsible for thought, memory, emotion, movement, and sensory processing. |
| Spinal Cord | A long bundle of nerves extending from the brainstem down the spine that transmits signals between the brain and the body and controls reflexes. |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | All nerves outside the CNS; connects the brain and spinal cord to muscles, organs, and sensory receptors. |
| Brachial Plexus | A network of spinal nerves (C5–T1) that supplies movement and sensation to the shoulder, arm, and hand. |
| Ulnar Nerve | A nerve of the arm that controls fine motor movement and sensation in the ring and little fingers. |
| Radial Nerve | A nerve that controls extension of the elbow, wrist, and fingers and provides sensation to the back of the arm and hand. |
| Median Nerve | A nerve that controls thumb movement and sensation in the palm side of the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger. |
| Sciatic Nerve | The largest nerve in the body; runs from the lower back through the leg, controlling movement and sensation in the lower limb. |
| Occipital Lobe | The brain region responsible for visual processing. |
| Cerebellum | Coordinates balance, posture, and smooth, precise movements. |
| Brain Stem | Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and consciousness. |
| Frontal Lobe | Involved in decision-making, personality, voluntary movement, and speech production. |
| Temporal Lobe | Processes auditory information, memory, and language comprehension. |
| Parietal Lobe | Processes sensory information such as touch, temperature, pain, and spatial awareness. |
| Wernicke’s Area | A brain region responsible for understanding language. |
| Broca’s Area | A brain region responsible for speech production. |
| Sensory Cortex | The area of the brain that receives and processes sensory information from the body. |
| Motor Cortex | The area of the brain that controls voluntary muscle movement. |
| Gyrus / Gyri | A ridge or fold on the surface of the brain. |
| Sulcus / Sulci | A groove or furrow between brain gyri. |
| Amygdala | Involved in emotions, especially fear and aggression. |
| Hypothalamus | Maintains homeostasis; regulates hunger, thirst, temperature, hormones, and the autonomic nervous system. |
| Olfactory Bulbs | Structures involved in the sense of smell. |
| Limbic System | A group of brain structures involved in emotion, behavior, motivation, and memory. |
| Hippocampus | Essential for forming new memories and learning. |
| Corpus Callosum | A thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain. |
| Pineal Gland | Secretes melatonin; regulates sleep–wake cycles. |
| Pituitary Gland | The “master gland” that controls other endocrine glands and hormone release. |
| Thalamus | The brain’s main sensory relay station, directing sensory signals to the cortex. |
| Pons | Regulates breathing, sleep, and communication between brain regions. |
| Medulla Oblongata | Controls vital involuntary functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. |
| Midbrain | Involved in visual and auditory reflexes and motor control. |
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