study of structures of the body and their positional relationships

study of how the body and its individual parts function in normal body processes

tendency of the body’s internal environment to remain relatively constant with a narrow range of change

Hierarchy based on levels of complexity; from least to most complex

Chemical ➢Cellular ➢Tissue ➢Organ ➢Organ system ➢Organism

can have projections such as microvilli, cilia, and flagella

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) •Rough or smooth ER; rough has ribosomes ➢Golgi body ➢Mitochondria ➢Lysosomes ➢Centrioles ➢Nucleus

Cellular Processes: Passive

Energy or cell membrane activity not required •Diffusion: movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration until concentrations equalize

Cellular Processes: Passive

Osmosis: movement of water from an area of low concentration to high concentration until concentrations equalize

Basic unit of structure and function

Group of similar cells that function together

Group of tissues that work together for a common function.

Group of organs working together for a common function

The human body is composed of many systems.

Positive feedback amplifies changes or deviations in a system, pushing it further away from its original state,

while negative feedback counteracts changes, helping to maintain stability and return the system to its set point. Both types of feedback are essential for regulating processes in biological and mechanical systems.

Chemical Reactions that use energy to form more complex molecules

Chemical reactions that release energy as they break down complex molecules

uses Oxygen to break down complex molecules into energy, water, and CO2.

Anaerobic Respiration

Incomplete breakdown of complex molecules in the absence of oxygen to produce a small amount of energy, water, and CO2.

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Anatomy and Phys.

Anatomy and Phys. Chapter 18

Chapter 18
Anatomy	study of structures of the body and their positional relationships
Physiology	study of how the body and its individual parts function in normal body processes
Homeostasis	tendency of the body’s internal environment to remain relatively constant with a narrow range of change
Hierarchy based on levels of complexity; from least to most complex	Chemical ➢Cellular ➢Tissue ➢Organ ➢Organ system ➢Organism
Cell membrane:	can have projections such as microvilli, cilia, and flagella
Cytoplasm	gel-like intracellular fluid
Organelles	Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) •Rough or smooth ER; rough has ribosomes ➢Golgi body ➢Mitochondria ➢Lysosomes ➢Centrioles ➢Nucleus
Cellular Processes: Passive	Energy or cell membrane activity not required •Diffusion: movement of molecules from an area of high to low concentration until concentrations equalize
Cellular Processes: Passive	Osmosis: movement of water from an area of low concentration to high concentration until concentrations equalize
Cell	Basic unit of structure and function
Tissue	Group of similar cells that function together
Organ	Group of tissues that work together for a common function.
System	Group of organs working together for a common function
Organism	The human body is composed of many systems.
Inferior (CAUDAL)	nearer to the feet
Medial	toward the body’s midline
lateral	away from the body’s midline
IPSILATERAL	on the same side
CONTRALATERAL	on the opposite side
UNILATERAL	on one side
BILATERAL	On both sides
Lateral Recumbent	side lying
Feed Back Mechanisms	Positive feedback amplifies changes or deviations in a system, pushing it further away from its original state,
Feed Back Mechanisms	while negative feedback counteracts changes, helping to maintain stability and return the system to its set point. Both types of feedback are essential for regulating processes in biological and mechanical systems.
Anabolism	Chemical Reactions that use energy to form more complex molecules
Catabolism	Chemical reactions that release energy as they break down complex molecules
Aerobic Respiration	uses Oxygen to break down complex molecules into energy, water, and CO2.
Anaerobic Respiration	Incomplete breakdown of complex molecules in the absence of oxygen to produce a small amount of energy, water, and CO2.

Created by: user-1973013

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