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Health Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of nutrition | process by which organisms obtain and use nutrients required for maintaining health and growth |
| What are carbohydrates, % of diet, and calories per gram | main source of energy, 40-60% of diet, 4 cal per gram |
| What are complex carbs | want more, digest slower, provide sustained energy, high in fiber and nutrients, long chains of sugar molecules |
| What are simple carbs | quick digestion, increased blood sugar and energy, simple molecular structure, composed of 1 or 2 sugar molecules |
| What is protein essential for, % of diet, and calories per gram | growth and repair, 80 grams per day, 4 calories per rgam |
| What are proteins building blocks | amino acids |
| What are essential amino acids | 9 amino acids your body can't make -->needed in foods eaten |
| What are complete proteins | foods with an adequate amount of all 9 amino acids |
| What are incomplete proteins | proteins that lack at least one amino acid |
| What are fats, % of diet, calories per gram | concentrated source of energy, less than 30% of diet, 9 calories per gram |
| What are fats essential for | brain development , blood clotting, controlling inflammation |
| What fats are good | unsaturated fats (mono and poly) |
| What fats are bad | saturated and trans fat |
| What are vitamins essential for | various body functions |
| What are the two types of vitamins | water and fat soluble |
| What are water soluble vitamins | body can't store them, consumer regularly |
| What are fat soluble vitamins | absorbed, stored, and transported in fat |
| Examples of water soluble vitamins | Vitamin B and C |
| Examples of fat soluble vitamins | Vitamins A, D, E, K |
| What are minerals needed for | growth, bone health, fluid balances, and other processes |
| Examples of minerals | calcium, potassium, iron |
| What are electrolytes needed for | restore fluid balance |
| Examples of electrolytes | potassium, sodium, chloride |
| What is water needed for | body temp regulation, waste elimination, joint lubrication |
| How much water should you have per day | at least eight 8 oz glasses |
| What are the macromolecules | carbohydrates, protein, and fat |
| What are the micromolecules | vitamins, minerals, and water |
| What does NEAT stand for | Non-exercise activity thermogenesis |
| What does NEAT mean | all movement that isn't structural exercise |
| Examples of NEAT | walking dog, pacing while on phone |
| What are the 3 timeless health tips | Variety, natural origins, intuitive eating |
| What does the health tip variety mean | you need a diversity of foods to gain all nutrients |
| What does the health tip natural origins mean | eat foods that come from nature or recipes you know all ingredients to |
| What does the health tip intuitive eating mean | understand hunger cues, avoid being completely starving or full |
| What are influences that impact what we eat | Social media, trends, body image, friends and family, traditions |
| What is a calorie | unit of energy used for bodily functions from foods/drinks |
| What is fiber | type of carbohydrate, helps aid digestion |
| Where is fiber found | in fruits, dried fruits, lentils, and beans |
| What are triglycerides | fat measured in blood tests, foods high in sugar and low in fiber, |
| What do high levels of triglycerides lead to | high blood pressure and belly fat |
| To have a low triglyceride level what should you avoid | high fructose corn syrup or processed carbs |
| What does cholesterol do | manufacturers cell membranes and nerve tissue, production of nerve tissue, production of certain hormones, Vitamin D, and bile acids |
| What are the two types of cholesterol | LDL (low density lipoproteins), and HDL (high density lipoproteins) |
| What is the bad cholesterol | LDL (low density lipoproteins) |
| What is the good cholesterol | HDL (high density lipoproteins) |
| What does LDL do | clogs arteries |
| What does HDL do | helps keep bloodstream clear |
| Definition of dietary | from foods |
| Definition of serum | body produces |
| How much cholesterol should a person have | 200 mg or lower |
| What are anxiety symptoms | overwhelming anxiety and fears |
| What are depression symptoms | low self-esteem, anger, hopelessness, lack of emotion, aggressive behavior, changes in eating/sleeping |
| What are obsessive compulsive disorder symptoms | anxious thoughts or rituals, obsessions, need to do something |
| What are schizophrenia symptoms | hallucinations, delusions, voices, uncontrollable emotions |
| What is the body's immediate physical response to stress | clammy, increased heart rate, sweating, chills, hot flashes, shaky |
| What is the body's immediate mental response to stress | "Flight or Fight", Freeze, or "Tend and befriend" |
| What is "flight or fight" response | hormones are released and body is ready to run or face stressors |
| What is freeze mental response | mentally escape the stressor |
| What is "tend or befriend" response | release of oxytocin |
| What are coping skills to develop resilience | deep breathing, physical activity, positive self-care, mindfullness |
| What are signs someone is going to take their life | making a will, saying goodbye, giving away personal items, withdrawing from social interactions, irregular sleeping, eating, and mood |
| How can you help someone that is suicidal | call 988 or emergency services, seek professional help, listen to them and validate their feelings, offer your support |
| Definition of repression | "involuntary forgetting" |
| Definition of suppression | conscious, intentional pushing of unpleasantness from one's mind |
| Definition of rationalization | finding reasons or excuses to justify your behavior |
| Definition of regression | reverting back to childhood memories/behaviors |
| Definition of denial | not accepting reality |
| Definition of compensation | all energy goes towards your talents, concentrate on one goal |
| Definition of projection | to blame others for your own shortcomings |
| Definition of idealization | seeing someone else as perfect, ideal, or more worthy than everyone else |
| Definition of displacement | taking anger out on someone else |
| What causes teens to struggle with emotions | brain development, hormonal shifts and puberty, stress from social pressures, academics, family changes, technology |
| How do depressants affect your body | slows body and brain community., affects concentration and coordination, slows down response, death, and nausea |
| How do stimulants affect your body | increase confidence, sexual arousal, reduced appetite, mood swings, dehydration, rapid heartbeat, euphoria |
| What are narcotics | acts as option receptors in brain and body and depressed Central nervous system |
| How do narcotics affect your body | slows down brain and body community., constipation, pain relief, reduced sex drive, relaxation, sweating, heart and lung problems |
| What are hallucinogens | cause hallucinations, effect the brain |
| How does alcohol impact the brain and body | depresses it and slows it down |
| How does alcohol impact the liver | fatty liver, cirrhosis of the liver, alcohol hepatitis, liver cancer |
| What is the alcohol pathway through the body | Mouth --> stomach --> small intestine --> heart --> brain --> liver |
| What is the physical dependence | chemical need in body |
| What is the psychological dependence | believes that he/she needs the drug |
| What is alcohol poisoning | a condition in which a toxic amount of alcohol has been consumed in a short period of time |
| What should be done if someone has alcohol poisoning | call help, don't leave them alone, roll them on their side so they won't choke on vomit |
| What are primary sex characteristics | what you are born with |
| What are secondary sex characteristics | develops during puberty |
| What are the penial secondary sex characteristics | deep voice, growth-height, facial/public/armpit/chest hair, testies drop, penis develops, muscles grow, Adam's apple |
| What are the vaginal secondary sex characteristics | breasts develop, menstrual cycle, hips widen, fat develops on thighs, armpit/public hair |
| What is the male sex organ and its function | penis, function: urination, and ejaculation, 4-6 inch |
| What is the male sex gland and its function | testicles, function: make sperm and testosterone |
| Epididymis function | stores sperm, coils around testicles, releases sperm |
| Vas deferens function | sperm highway, transports sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicle |
| Seminal vesicle function | contains fructose to give sperm extra energy, helps get sperm up through the vagina |
| Cowper's gland function | responsible for producing pre-ejaculatory or pre-seminal fluid |
| Prostate gland function | gives off a thin milky alkaline mixture --> offsets the vagina |
| Ejaculation definition | penis gets hard (erection) |
| What is the female sex organ and its function | vagina, function: flexible muscular tube that connects cervix to birth canal or the bottom vaginal opening |
| What is the female sex gland and its function | ovaries, function: holds female eggs and does hormone production, estrogen and progesterone are produced |
| Fallopian tube function | transports eggs from ovaries to uterus, location for fertilization, where egg and sperm meet |
| Ovaries location | located on sides of uterus, connected to fallopian tubes |
| Fallopian tube location | extends from uterus to the ovaries |
| Uterus location | connected to fallopian tubes |
| Uterus function | muscular organ where fetus grow and develop during pregnancy |
| What happens if a fertilized egg enters the uterus | progesterone increases to nourish and protect the embryo |
| What happens if a unfertilized egg enters the uterus | lining of uterus is shed --> menstruation |
| Cervix location | at the bottom of the uterus |
| Cervix function | protective barrier to uterus, dilates 10 cm during birth |
| Describe the vulva | external folds of skin |
| What is menstruation | a "period", lasts about 28 days, 1-7 of those days are bleeding days |
| What is ovulation | when a mature egg is released from the ovaries into the fallopian tube, easiest time to get pregnant |
| What is estrogen | helps uterus lining think, increase blood flow to uterus |
| What is progesterone | helps uterus lining to provide nourishment to fertilized egg after implanted in uterus |
| What are the viral STI/STDs | HPV, HIV, Hepatitis B, Genital Herpes type 1 and 2 |
| What is the difference between bacterial and viral communicable diseases | Bacteria can be treated and cured but viruses cannot be cured |
| What are the four types of pathogens | Bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoans |
| What is the FRIES acronym | F: freely given, R: reversible, I: informed, E: enthusiastic, S: specific |
| What does freely given mean in FRIES | not held against will when said yes |
| What does reversible mean in FRIES | they can change their mind at any point |
| What does informed mean in FRIES | know what they're about to do and partner's sexual history |
| What does enthusiastic mean in FRIES | their comfortable/positive body language |
| What does specific mean in FRIES | they know exactly what they are doing |
| What are precautions to make before engaging in sexual activity | abstinence, vaccination, use condoms, get tested for STI/STDs |
Created by:
lauren.brodsky16