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Bio Final Unit
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many daughter cells are produced during mitosis? | 2 |
| How do the cells produced during mitosis compare to their parent cell? | Identical |
| What kind of reproduction is used in mitosis? | Asexual |
| Which cell organelle is responsible for using oxygen? | Mitochondria |
| What is the process of the mitochondria using oxygen called? | Cellular Respiration |
| If a cell has a lot of mitochondria, what does that indicate? | High energy demand |
| What is the main function of DNA? | Code for proteins |
| What happens when a cell with 5% salinity is placed into saltwater solution of 20% salinity? | Water moves out of cell and shrinks, hypertonic |
| What happens when a cell with 5% salinity is placed into freshwater solution of 0% salinity? | Water moves into the cell and swells, hypotonic |
| What is the name of the process that shrinks and swells the cells based on salinity? | Osmosis |
| What is homeostasis? | Living organisms maintain stables. Ex) temp, water, blood sugar |
| What are the only cells with the potential to produce any type of specialized cells? | Undifferentiated/embryonic cells |
| What is the only thing that does not change as the cell is differentiated? | DNA Sequence |
| What are the advantages to organisms living in large groups? | Less predators, offspring care help, help to get resources |
| What factors are necessary to maintain a stable ecosystem? | Biodiversity, predator-prey relationships |
| What are some examples of competition between organisms? | Food, homes, water, mates, light |
| What is the chemical equations for photosynthesis? | CO2 + H2O + Light into C6H12O6 + O2 |
| What is the chemical equations for cellular respiration? | C6H12O6 + O2 into CO2 + H2O + ATP |
| What would make the rate of photosynthesis and cellular respiration decrease? | No water, low CO2 or O2, low light |
| What is the role of a producer in an ecosystem? | Provide energy + food |
| What is the role of a consumer in an ecosystem? | Transfer energy, balance population, and cycle nutrients |
| What is the role of a decomposer in an ecosystem? | Cycle nutrients, help soil, remove waste, and flow energy |
| What factors lead a species to become invasive? | Harm to environment and native species |
| What factors affect the growth of a population of organisms? | Birth, death, food source, disease, climate, predators, immigration |
| List 3 main pieces of evidence for evolution | DNA, embryology, fossils |
| If an organism has structural similarities, what can be said about their ancestry? | Homologous structure = common ancestor |
| How do organisms change and become distinct species? | natural selection --> speciation |
| Define the term biodiversity | Assortment of life species on Earth on the genetic and ecosystem levels |
| How are geologic time periods determined? | By the origin and extinction of taxa |
| If DNA between two species is similar, what does it indicate? | Recent common ancestor |
| Tan months can have white, brown and tan offspring. If they live in an area that is darkening due to pollution, which offspring are likely to survive? | Brown + Tan |
| Tan months can have white, brown and tan offspring. If they live in an area that is darkening due to pollution, what will happen to the moths over time? | They will darken |
| What is the cause of genetic mutations? | Changes in DNA sequences |
| What are genetic mutations the source of? | Variability in a population |
| What is a somatic cell? Give 3 examples. | Any other cells than sperm/egg cells. Ex)skin, nerve, muscle |
| What is a gamete? | Sex cell such as a sperm or egg cell. |
| How many chromosomes are in a human gamete and how do they compare to a somatic cell? | 23, half of somatic cells |
| What is the function of meiosis? | Reduce the number of chromosomes to 1/2 for gametes and create non-identical cells to parents (4 non-identical cells w/ 23 chromosomes). |
| What does crossing over result in? | Different combos of alleles |
| How do scientists genetically modify organisms? | By inserting genes from 1 organism into another |
| The offspring of asexual reproduction are _______ to the parent unless there is a ________ __________. | identical, genetic mutation |
| Hemophilia and color blindness are sex-linked traits. How would you be able to identify a trait that is sex linked on a pedigree? | Color blindness carried on X chromosomes, mom passed traits to sons. |
| What represents males and females on a pedigree? | M - Square F - Circle |
| How are affected individuals shown in a pedigree? | Shaded |
| Define osmosis | Movement of water across permeable membrane from high water concentrates (low solute) to low water concentrates (high solute). |
| Drought resistant GMO advantages | grows w/ less water, more reliable crop yields, prevents food shortage, farms in low reliable areas, saves water |
| Drought resistant GMO trade offs | expensive seeds, reduces genetic diversity, environmental concern, reliant on seed companies, public concern |
| DNA to DNA | DNA Repliction |
| DNA to RNA | Transcription |
| RNA to amino acid chains | Translation |
| What happens if the base of a food web increases? | Can cause eutrophication |
| Process of eutrophication | Farm field fertilizer runoff, algae bloom on lake, dead plants sink, bacteria decompose, low oxygen levels, fish die |
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