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Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Preferral | the process of referring a child suspected of have a disability to a multidisciplinary team that decides whether the student should be referred for special education evaluation or whether adjustments in teaching should be tried |
| multidisciplinary team | A team of individuals from different disciplines, that typically decides whether a struggling student should be referred for special education evaluation or whether and what interventions should be tried to see if the student improves. |
| Response to intervention (RTI) | a students' change, or lack of change, in academic performance or behavior as a result of instruction |
| screening instruments | quick measures administered to determine who may need further assessment |
| Progress monitoring | frequent, quick measures that teachers administer at regular intervals and that provide information on whether a student is learning as expected. |
| curriculum-based measurement (CMB) | students' responses to their usual instructional materials |
| early intervening services | IDEA allows for academic or behavioral supports or rated services for students in grades K-12 with emphasis on K-3 to be provided for students who have not yet been identified as having a disability. |
| individualized education program (IEP) | legal document that describes the educational services a student receives |
| individualized family service plan (IFSP) | legal document that describes the services that the child will perceive but focuses on including the family as well as the child. |
| transition plans | A plan defined in a student's IEP that specifies the student's goals and services related to transitioning from high school to post-high school experiences; must be provided before the age of 16. |
| supported employment | a method of integrating people with disabilities who cannot work independently into competitive employment; includes use of an employment specialist, or job coach, who helps the person with a disability function on the job |
| least restrictive environment (LRE) | the student should be separated from non disabled classmates and from home, family, and community as little as possible |
| collaborative consultation | special education teacher or psychologist acts as an expert who provides advice to the general education teacher |
| Co-teaching | mutuality and reciprocity in collaborative consultation one step further |
| Cooperative learning | instructional strategy that many proponents of inclusion believe is an effective way to integrate students with disabilities into groups of non disabled peers. |
| peer-mediated instruction | the deliberate use of a student's classroom peer(s) to assist in teaching an academic or social skill |
| peer confederates | people who assist the teacher |
| peer tutoring | a method that can be used to integrate students with disability into general education classrooms based on the motion that students can learn from one another. the role of the learner or teacher may be assigned to either student |
| classwide peer tutorting (CWPT) | all students in the general education classroom routinely engage in peer tutoring for a particular subject matter |
| Partial participation | having students with disabilities participate, on reduced basis, in virtually all activities experienced by all students in the general education classroom |
| Modifications | amended materials or assignments and differ from changes in curricula or instructional strategies. |
| Accommodations | changes in instruction that don't significantly change the content or conceptual difficulty level of curriculum. |
| Adaptations | significant modifications of instruction compared to accommodations |
| Tiered assignments | teachers provide choices of varying difficulty for assignments on a single topic |
| Universal Design for Learning (UDL | serves the general purpose for making learning accessible to more students in inclusionary programs |
| cochlear implantations | artificial inner-ears |
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