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HA - MODULE 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| It is is a systematic way of collecting objective data from a client using specific examination techniques to assess or identify the client’s current health status. | Physical Assessment |
| Why is Physical Assessment important in patient care? | It helps nurses evaluate the patient’s functional abilities, confirm health history data, establish nursing diagnoses, plan care, evaluate outcomes, make clinical judgments, and identify health promotion and disease prevention needs. |
| What is the main purpose of Physical Assessment? | To obtain accurate physical data that guide clinical decision-making and ensure appropriate nursing care. |
| What step of the Health Care Process is Physical Assessment? | Physical Assessment is the FIRST STEP of the Health Care Process. |
| What are the key components of Physical Assessment? | Health Interview Physical Examination Laboratory or Diagnostic Examination Records Review |
| How does assessment differ between children and adults? | In children, assessment proceeds from the least invasive or uncomfortable procedures to the most invasive, unlike adults where a standard sequence is followed. |
| What should be considered when preparing the patient for Physical Assessment? | Physiological and psychological needs Clear explanation of the procedure Assurance that the exam is not painful Asking the patient to wear a gown and empty the bladder Honest answers to patient questions |
| Why is explaining the procedure important before assessment? | To reduce patient fear and anxiety and promote cooperation during the examination. |
| How should the environment be prepared for Physical Assessment? | Schedule a time that does not interrupt meals or routines Ensure the patient is comfortable and free from pain Prepare the examination table Provide a gown and drape Gather all needed equipment Ensure privacy using curtains or screens |
| What are the key actions during the Preparatory Phase? | Introduce self and verify patient identity Explain purpose and procedure Ensure privacy Assist with gown and bladder emptying Invite a relative if needed Perform hand hygiene |
| What equipment is commonly needed for Physical Assessment? | Height chart, weighing scale, Snellen chart, penlight, sterile gloves, tongue depressor, gauze, tuning fork, stethoscope, wristwatch, tape measure, marker, record sheet, and waste receptacle |
| What patient position is used to assess posture, gait, and balance? | Standing position |
| What position is commonly used for taking vital signs? | Sitting position |
| Which position allows relaxation of abdominal muscles? | Supine position |
| What position is used for abdominal palpation? used in patient having difficulty maintaining supine position | Dorsal recumbent position |
| What position is used for assessment of rectum and vagina | Sim’s / Lateral position |
| What postion is used for assessment of hip and posterior thorax | Prone postion position |
| What position is used for assessment of rectal area (for brief period only) | Knee-chest position |
| This postion is used for assessment of female rectum and vagina. (for a brief period only) | Lithotomy position |
| What does IPPA stand for in physical examination methods? | Inspection Palpation Percussion Auscultation |
| It is a visual examination done in a deliberate, systematic manner to assess color, shape, symmetry, position, size, and texture of body parts. | Inspection |
| It is the examination of the body using the sense of touch to assess temperature, texture, moisture, vibration, size, consistency, and tenderness. | Palpation |
| What part of the hand is used to assess temperature? | The dorsum (back) of the hand |
| It is used for discriminatory sensation, such as texture, vibration, presence of fluid, or size and consistency of a mass | Palmar surfaces |
| It used to assess muscle tone and detect tenderness by depressing the skin about 1 cm (½ inch). | Light Palpation |
| It is used to identify abdominal organs and masses by depressing the skin about 2 cm (1 inch) using one or two hands. | Deep Palpation |
| When should Deep Palpation be avoided? | In patients with acute abdominal pain or undiagnosed pain. |
| It is the act of striking the body surface to produce sounds and vibrations that help assess underlying structures. used to detect the presence of air or fluid in a body space; and to elicit tenderness | Percussion |
| What are the two types of Percussion? | Direct Percussion Indirect Percussion |
| This type of percussion uses one hand to strike the surface of the body. | Direct percussion |
| This type of percussion used the finger of one hand to tap the finger of the other hand. | Indirect percussion |
| What sounds are produced during Percussion? | Flat, Dull, Resonant, Hyperresonant, and Tympanic sounds. |
| Listening to internal body sounds using a stethoscope. | Auscultation |
| What sound characteristics are assessed during Auscultation? | Pitch, loudness, quality, and duration. |
| When should the diaphragm and bell of the stethoscope be used? | Diaphragm: High-pitched sounds Bell: Low-pitched sounds |
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