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Geography
Chapter 3 rocks.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are rocks composed of? | Minerals which are naturally occurring elements found in ground. |
| What are the three groups of rock? | Igneous,sedimentary,metamorphic. |
| Give two examples of igneous rock. | Basalt,granite. |
| Give two examples of sedimentary rock. | Limestone,sandstone. |
| Give two examples of metamorphic rocks. | Marble,quartzite. |
| How are igneous rocks formed? | Igneous rocks are formed as a result of volcanic active,when magma escapes from the mantle,it cools, and hardens,if it reaches the surface as lava,it cools and solifides quickly wheeeas the magma inside the crust cools slowe |
| How are sedimentary rock formed? | Sedimentary rocks are formed from particles of other rocks,as well as dead plants and animals,these sediments are deposited on sea and lake beds as well as on land,layers of this material build up over time compressed+cemented together create solid rock. |
| How are metamorphic rocks formed? | Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed into new,harder rocks by great heat or pressure or sometimes both,the heat and pressure come from magma in the mantle or plate movement. |
| How is basalt formed? | Basalt is an igneous rock that is formed when lava spreads out over the surface of the earths crust due to volcanic activity,it then cools and hardens. |
| What colour is basalt? | Grey/black |
| What texture is basalt? | Fine grained. |
| What type of rock is basalt?(like where it’s formed yk?) | It is an extrusive rock as it formed above the surface of the earth. |
| Why does basalt have tiny crystals that cannot be seen w/o microscope? | Basalt has small crystals because the laval cooled and hardened very quickly in open air when reaching the surface, |
| Name one use of basalt. | Basalt is used to make the base for roads and pavements due to its hardness.the landscape created by basalt can also be used as a tourist attraction. |
| Give an example of basalt. | Basalt is found in Antrim-Derry plateau in north east of Ireland,the giants causeway is part of this. |
| What colour is granite? | Range of colours include black,grey,pink,cream. |
| What texture is granite? | Coarse grained. |
| How is granite formed? | Granite is an igneous rock that is formed when molten magma pushes its way into the crust,cools,hardens there under the surface, |
| What type of rock is it? | It is an intrusive rock as it is formed below the surface of the earth. |
| Why does it have large crystals. | In contrast to basalt,granite has large crystals because the molten magma cooled very slowly over long periods of time.some of the crystals include minerals e.g quartz,mica. |
| What happens when granite is eventually exposed at the surface! | Granite is eventually exposed at the surface when rock lying over it is worn away. |
| Name one use of granite. | Granite is used variety of everyday products such as counter tops in kitchens because it’s hard and durable. |
| Example of granite. | Granite is found in Wicklow mountains in east Ireland. |
| What colour is limestone? | Grey. |
| What texture is limestone. | Coarse grained. |
| How is limestone formed. | Limestone is a sedimentary rock made from particles of shells and remains of sea creatures skeletons,when these particles sink into the seabed they are called sediment. |
| What does the sediment do? | The sediment piles up at the bottom of warm shallow sea over millions of years,the upper layers of sediment compress and cement the lower layers of sediments into strata,which are solid layers of rock,separated by bedding plates. |
| What is limestone? | Limestone is permeable which means that water can pass through it,it is also soluble which means it dissolves in water. |
| Name one use for limestone. | Limestone is used to make monuments,construction of building and to make cement. |
| Name one example of limestone. | The burren in co, Clare. |
| What colour is sandstone? | Reddish/brown. |
| What texture is sandstone? | Coarse grained. |
| What is the formation of sandstone. | Sandstone is a sedimentary rock formed from sand worn away from earths surface,the same is carried by wind and rivers then deposited as sediments into seas,lakes,deserts where layers build up over time,layers compress and cement together forming sandstone |
| What is the use for sandstone. | Used in patios and as building material in construction industry. |
| Name one example of sandstone, | Macgillycuddy’s Reeks in co,Kerry |
| Colour of marble | White/red |
| Texture? | Smooth |
| Formation of marble? | It is a metamorphic rock formed when limestone is put under great heat or pressure due to plate movement or when molten magma comes in contact with it,it is hard rock. |
| Use of marble? | Marble can be used to make monuments,floor tiles,fireplaces. |
| Example? | Connemara co. Galway, |
| Colour of quartzite? | White/grey |
| Texture of quartzite? | Granular (grainy,like sugar) |
| Formation of quartzite? | Formed when sandstone is out under great heat or pressure due to plate movement or when molten magma comes in contact with sandstone? It is extremely hard rock. |
| What is quartzites use? | Used in objects such as counter tops,base for roads and pavements,makes glass |
| Examples of quartzite? | Croagh Patrick co. Mayo, |
| What are fossil fuels made from? | Decomposing plants and animals. |
| What is shaft mining? | Extracting coal from within earths crust. |
| Give an example of an Irish town where coal mining used to take place? | Castlecomer,Co. Kilkenny |
| Where do oil and gas g Come from? | Oil and gas are extracted from rock by drilling and pumping deep into the earths crust,pumping oil and gas to surface, |
| What is quarrying | The process of extracting rock directly from surface of earth, |
| What is the name of rocks case study? | Platin works,drogheda,co Louth. |
| What are the economic impacts of mining / quarrying? | Direct employment provided through people working I;the mine or quarry They provide raw material to make copper,steel,iron and glass |
| Name two social impacts of mining/quarrying? | Noise pollution in surrounding region through controlled explosions e.g Belgard quarry in tallaght,Dublin Lakes can form in a banded quarries,dangerous if people swim there. |
| Name two environmental impacts of mining/quarrying. | Dust and air pollution hazodaous to local residents health The samba cause by these activities to natural habitats can be hard to fix. |
| What is Rock cycle? | Weathering and erosion-transportation and deposition-sedimentation-compression and cementation-sedimentary rock-burial,high temp and pressure,metamorphic rock-melting- intrusive igneous rock-magma up extrusive igneous rock. |
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