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Big Bang & Gravity
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Big Bang Theory | 13.7 billion of years in which a cataclysmic event occurred and the universe began to expand |
| CMB | cosmic microwave background radiation, evidence of the Big Bang |
| elliptical | a football shaped galaxy, most common type |
| spiral | galaxy with arms extending from the center mass of stars |
| barred spiral | center of the spiral is a bar |
| normal spiral | center of the spiral is a bulging disk |
| irregular | type of galaxy without any definite shape ex. Clouds of Magellen |
| doppler effect | change in the apparent frequency of a wave as observer and source move toward or away from each other. |
| red shift | frequency of the wave is spread out, shifted toward the red end of the spectrum shows the object is moving away from the observer |
| blue shift | frequency of the wave is compressed, shifted toward the blue end of the spectra shows the object is moving toward the observer |
| Sir Isaac Newton | two objects with mass exert a gravitational pull, greater the mass the more the gravitational pull, closer they are the stronger the force of gravity |
| Albert Einstein | Theory of Relativity, space and time serve as the fabric of the universe, gravity is the curvature of fabric, large mass sits on fabric it bends and smaller objects fall toward the more massive |
| nebula | cloud of ice, gas, dust where stars are born |
| galactic year | 225-250 million years time for the solar system to revolve once around the Milky Way galaxy |
| Milky Way Galaxy | 100,000 light years in diameter, barred spiral galaxy, 4.6 billion yrs old, 200-400 billion stars |
| Edwin Hubble | studied the Doppler Shift to determine celestial bodies are moving toward and away from Earth based on the shift in the spectrum of the light in 1927 |
| astronomer | scientist who studies celestial bodies such as black holes, moons, planets, stars, asteroids, comets, nebulae and galaxies |
| gravity | the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass, driving force in the universe |
| Galileo | determined the acceleration of gravity 9.8 meters per second squared |
| Fred Hoyle | astronomer who coined the phrase Big Bang |
| Theory of Relativity | the universe is a fabric of space-time, curved by the gravity of objects resting on it |
| Universal Law of Gravitation | two objects in the universe with mass exert a gravitational pull |
| Space-Time | fabric of the universe |
| hydrogen & helium | the first elements to form in the universe, since they are the simplest |
| 9.8 meters per second squared | rate of acceleration due to gravity |
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