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Stack #4610055
(1) cartilage and bone
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| fibroblasts/chondroblasts are... | mitotic cartilage forming cells |
| what are chondroblasts trapped in once formed | lacunae (small cavities) within the cartilage |
| when chondroblasts become trapped in lacunae, what do they become | chondrocytes (maintain cartilage) |
| can chondrocytes revert back to chondroblasts if needed | yes |
| what does the extracellular ground substance include to increase firmness, along with water | proteoglycans |
| true or false: fibers of cartilage are collagenous or elastic | true |
| cartilage tissue is... | avascular and nerveless |
| where do nutrients diffuse into the cartilage from | the perichondrium |
| what is the perichondrium | a layer of dense irregular connective tissue with vessels that surround cartilage |
| functions of cartilage | supports lightweight structures, provides smooth surfaces and structural strength in joints, forms cushion (in joints) |
| what are the 3 types of cartilage | hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage |
| which cartilage is the most abundant | hyaline cartilage |
| what does the matrix of hyaline cartilage look like | clear and translucent due to fine collagen fibers |
| what does hyaline cartilage form | fetal skeleton, support for respiratory passageway, covers articulating surfaces of bones, and forms rib connections |
| where is elastic cartilage | located in organs subject to constant bending (external ear, epiglottis) |
| what fibers are in elastic cartilage's ground substance | elastic fibers |
| what is fibrocartilage | heavy collagenous bundles arranged randomly, they can withstand compressive forces |
| what is fibrocartilage a cushion between | structures subject to continuous heavy pressures |
| functions of bone | support, protection, blood formation, muscle attachment, storage for calcium and phosphorus |
| bone is mineralized with | hydroxyapatite |
| salts in/around bones prevent | crushing |
| osteoblasts | bone forming cells (bone fibroblasts) |
| when trapped in lacunae, osteoblasts become | osteocytes (bone maintaining cells) |
| osteoclasts | white blood cells that destroy bone |
| bone is surrounded by | periosteum: a vascular membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue, with a layer of osteoblasts and a layer of osteoclasts |
| true or false: spongy bone contains many large spaces filled with red or yellow marrow | true |
| what is spongy bone made of | trabeculae: contain lacunae with osteocytes |
| blood vessels penetrate from the periosteum providing... | nutrients to osteocytes |
| what does spongy bone make up | bone tissue of short, flat, irregular short bones, and ends of long bones. lines shaft of young bones |
| true or false: compact bone has few spaces and no marrow | true |
| what is compact bone organized into | osteons |
| what are osteons | layers of bone matrix (lamellae) that are arranged in rings |
| each osteocyte in a lacunae extend processes into the | canaliculi (tiny canals) |
| what does canaliculi do | distribute nutrients from blood vessels in the center of the osteon to each ring of osteocytes |
| what are the 2 canals that carry blood vessels and nerves within the bone | central canals (Haversian): center of each osteon, parallel to surface of bone, perforating (Volkmann's) canals: perpendicular to surface of bone |
| what does compact bone make up | shaft of long bones, deposited in a layer over spongy bone |
| what are the 3 types of muscle tissue | skeletal: attached to skeletal framework (voluntarily controlled), cardiac: in wall of heart (Involuntarily controlled), smooth muscle: wall of other hollow organs (Involuntarily controlled) |
| nerve tissue | makes up brain spinal cord and all nerves that travel to the periphery |
Created by:
katiew0