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History
Ancient Rome chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When was Rome founded?and by who? | 753BC by Romulus + Remus the twin sons of god of mars |
| What countries did the Rome contain? | Control Italy,Spain,France,North Africa,Greece,Middle East,most of Britain,parts of Germany. |
| When did Rome become a republic? And what is republic. | 509BC a repluc is where the wealthy elite ruled the city through the senate. |
| When did the republic collapse? | 31BC,it replaced by the empire under the first empire Augustus. |
| What did the Roman Empire control? | All of Mediterranean and much of Western Europe,it lasted till 476 AD |
| Who wrote about the history of Rome? | Ceaser,Pliny,Virgil. |
| Name one remain left from Ancient Rome. | The remains of the Roman town of pompeii,buried by the eruption of mouth Vesuvius in AD 79, |
| What are patricians? | The wealthy noble family’s who ruled Rome. They had large estates and hundreds of slaves,they controlled the Roman government and army. |
| What were plebeians? | Plebeians were the poor,who were most of the population,they farmed,worked in trades,served the army. |
| What did patricians do for their jobs? | They served in the senate,were military generals or governors of romes provinces. |
| What were plebeians given for free? | A payment of dole,which was a free payment of grain so that they would support the rule of patricians, |
| What did patrician men wear? | A long white robe draped over the shoulder and down to the feet called a toga. |
| What did patrician women wear? | A stole which was a long dress,often in vibrant expensive colours such as a vibrant yellow to showcase their wealth as colours were cheaper,same for men. |
| What did plebeians men and women wear? | Men wore a Tunic to their knees ,women wore a plain stola. |
| What were wealthy plebeians called? | Plebeians who became wealthy through trade and business weee known as esquites,they had money but no political powder. |
| What did patricians live in? | A patrician House in a town called a domus,and one in a countryside called a villa,they were large and showcased their wealth with things like mosaics for example |
| Where did plebeians live? | Most plebeians lived in apartment blocks called insulaes that’s were tightly packed which could result in things like faster spread of disease |
| What were citizens? | People who has rights under Roman law. |
| What features did most Roman towns have in common? | Forums,amphitheatres,monuments/triumphal arches to commemorate romes history,public baths where people bathes excersize and met friends,public toilets and drinking fountains,temples 4 worship,theatres,aqueducts,paved streets,walls for defence |
| What is a forum? | A large town square,the centre of business,political activity,religious worship, |
| What were theatres? | Theatres was where plays and performances happened. |
| What were amphitheatres? | Where gladiatorial fights were held. |
| What were monuments or triumphal arches for? | To commemorate romes history. |
| What did aqueducts do? | Bring fresh water into the town. |
| What were the paved steeets laid out in? | The paved streets were later on in a grid system. |
| What were women,patrician and plebeian not permitted to do? | Women patrician and plebeian were not permitted to vote or take part in public life. |
| We know a patrician family lives in a domus,name some things in a domus | Atrium,impluvium,lararium,cubiculum,peristylium,culina,tablinum,triclinium,slave quarters,mosaics, |
| What was a atrium? | A central courtyard where guests were met |
| What was a impluvium? | A pool to collect rainwater |
| What was the lararium. | A shine to the family gods. |
| Cubiculum? | Bedroom. |
| Culina? | Kitchen. |
| Tablinum? | Study |
| Triclinium | Dining room |
| Peristylium? | Walled garden. |
| Mosaics? | Pictures made from small pieces of stone,glass or tile. |
| What did the homes or wealthiest patricians have? | Runnings water and underfloor heating, |
| Where did light come from in the domus? | Atrium and oil lamps. |
| How were insulaes usually like in Ancient Rome? | Five story’s high.ground floor had shops/workshops opened onto street,above them were apartments,higher you went smaller they were,those at the top were made of wood and entire families shred a single room,the poorer you were the higher you were |
| Did they have good living conditions?if yes or no explain what made them bad/good. | No,they had no running water,rubbish was thrown into streets below,disease spread quickly as their all together tightly.danger of fire from wood burning stoves used for cooking that could spread quickly through wooden structures. |
| Name four reasons of how someone could become a slave | Any prisoners of war became Slaves, The children of slaves automatically were slaves themselves People captured by pirates/bandits were automatically slaves Parents in debt could sell their kids into slavers. |
| What did slaves do? | Slaves did work such as cooking,cleaning,manual labour e.h working on romes public building projects,or working on farms and mines |
| What happened to a runaway Slave? | A runaway slave was branded his masters initials. |
| What happened to well educated slaves? | Often Greek slaves we’re well educated,they were highly valued and not treated bad,usually employed as teachers,secratires or doctors and weee sometimes given manumission. |
| What is manumission | When a slave is given their freedom after many years of service to master. |
| When were Roman girls usually married? | Age 14 or 15 |
| What was wife expected to do?/role of women in Rome. | Run home,make clothes,supervise slaves,bear a son |
| What would plebeian women work as? | In the market,husbands business,as a midewide or as a weaver. |
| What education did plebeian children receive? | Basic education at home,then worked with parent.s |
| What was the first stage of a wealthy romans education. | Boys(and some girls) from the age of 7-12 attended a ludus,where they learned reading,writing,and arithmetic. |
| Second stage of a wealthy Roman’s education? | At 12, boys attended a grammaticus,they learned history,grammar and geometry,studied literature by Greek and Roman writes,girls of same age were kept at home taught how to run a household.e,g spin/weave. |
| Third stage of a Wealthy Roman’s educatIon? | At 16,patrician boy was taught oratory (art of public speaking) by a rhetor to prepare him for a career in public life. |
| What did students use to learn with in school? | Stylus on wax tablet,later be melted and reused,the used an abacus to learn arithmetic. |
| Why was public entertainment a thing? | It was a thing so they had a way that ambitious polications and empowers ensured the people supported them despite their corrupt ruling over Rome. |
| What were the three main rooms in the baths? | Tepidarium (medium heat room.) Caldarium(hot room,like a sauna) Frigidarium (cold water bath.) |
| What was the excersize yard called in public baths? | Palestra, |
| What were strigils used for? | Wooden strigils were used to scrape their skin removing dry skin and dirt along with the oil. |
| Where their seperate bathing rooms for men and women? | Most baths had seperate bathing areas for men and women,though smaller baths would just have seperate bathing times, |
| Where was chariot racing held? | Circus maximus,it was 500m long and could seat up to 250,000 people,in the circus maximus it was the only place where the were no seating dividing based on social status or gender. |
| How did chariot races work? | Four teams, would race in chariots pulled by teams of 2:4,or 6 hours,raced around track seven times at high speeds,or was damgerous and death rate was commonish. Gambling on races was popular activity. |
| In the Roman theatre was it seperate by social status? | Yes,gender and social status,women and slaves seated at back. |
| Where women allowed to act in a romantic theatre? | No actors were all males and wore masks while performing. |
| Who fought in amphitheatres? | Gladiators fought in amphitheaters, |
| What was the most famous amphithreate? | The colosseum in Rome,could hold over 50,000 people,there was even a canopy to protect people from sun. |
| Where amphitheaters seprested by social status and gender? | Yes,closest to action where male patricians,behind then male plebeians,then male foreigners,then at very back women and slaves. |
| What were most gladiators? | Former solider who were captured in battle and sold as slaves. |
| Where did gladiators attend school? | They went to special schools to be trained. |
| Name some weapons used by gladiators. | Trident,net,gladius,shield |
| Would gladiators fight to the death. | Usually not ss they were so expensive to buy,train feed. Most fights ended when one of the gladiators was too injured to continue. |
| What did amphitheaters also have apart from humans fighting? | Featured fights between people and exotic wild animals e.g lions,the coolosseum could even be flooded for mock sea battles. And public excecutions . |
| What were plytheistis? | Polytheists where people who believed in many different gods. |
| What did Romans believe happened to a person after they died? | Romans believed that when someone died they had to cross river Styx into the underworld.a coin was placed in the mouth of descended to pay Charon,ferryman of the dead. |
| What happened at a patricians funeral? | Their body was dressed finely carried through city on a litrrr,musicians and professional mourners hired by family walk behind dead person,crying loudly and saying their achievements,if family was very wealthy there could be funeral games, |
| What happened to a plebeians body? | Also carried in procession outside town walls,where all burials took place. |
| What were monotheists? | People who believed in one god. |
| When was Christianity unbanned | In AD 313 by empower Constantine |
| What did Romes conversion to Christianity mean? | It meant that the Catholic Church became the worlds most powerful religion in following centuries,even after Roman Empire fell as if how widespread Rome was across the world. |
| What did the Romans invent in architecture? | Concrete to make walls durable,used rounded arches and pillars to hold up large ceilings and built huge domes on their temples, |
| Give one example of Roman architecture | Roman architecture was so well built some still stand today,an example is the pantheon in Rome. |
| What did Romans do first? | Built long lasting roads that helped increase trade and helped their armies move rapidly around empire,built aqueducts to carry fresh water into town. |
| What was the language of the Roman Empire? | Latin,many modern languages are based on it. |
| In 45BC, who introduced a new calendar? | Julius ceaser.his new Calder known as Julian calendar had 365 days,divided into 12 months and 1 extra day for every four years. |
| Who changed it slightly? | Pope Gregory XIII in 1582,it was called Gregorian calendar,we still use it today. |
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