three types of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue

rotation that turns the palms up

rotation that turns the palms down

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chapter 5

muscle

Question	Answer
muscul/o	muscle
my/p	muscle
sarc/o	flesh
sthen/o	strenght
What is the term for a sustained muscle contraction due to repetitive nerve signals?	tetany
Which physiological characteristic of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original shape after being stretched?	elasticity
three types of muscle tissue	skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle tissue
attachment of a muscle to a bone or structure that does not move when the muscle contracts	origin
attachment of a muscle to a bone or structure that does move when the muscle contracts	interstion
muscle that has its origin and insertion located in the same body region	intrinsic muscle
muscle that has its origin located in a body region different from that of insertion	extrinsic muscle
muscle that holds an origin stable for another muscle	fixator
muscles that have the same action	synergists
main muscle that performs in the action helped by synergists	prime mover
a muscle that has an opposing action	antagonist
action that bends a part of the body anteriorly such as flexing the elbow	flexion
action that bends a part of the body posteriorly such as straighten the arm at the elbow	extension
movement of a part of the body away from the midline	abduction
movement of a part of the body toward the midline	adduction
movement that brings part of the body forward	protraction
movement that brings part of the body backward	retraction
movement of the jaw laterally to either side	lateral excursion
movement of the jaw back to the midline	medial excursion
position of standing on the heels with the toes pointing up the floor	dorsiflexion
position of standing on tiptoes with the heels off the floor	plantar flexion
position in which the soles of the feet are together facing each other	inversion
position in which the soles of the feet point away from each other	eversion
act of spinning on an axis	rotation
the act of making a circle with part of the body	circumduction
supination	rotation that turns the palms up
pronation	rotation that turns the palms down
the act of bringing the thumb to the palm	opposition
the act of taking the thumb away from the palm	reposition
the act of closing the jaw or raising the shoulders`	elevation
the act of opening the jaw or lowering the shoulders	depression
an example of a muscle that does not have a bone as an origin or insertion	orbicularis oris
muscle originates on the epicranial aponeurosis	frontalis
is often called the trumpeters muscle but do not be confused and think that this muscle causes a kissing motion on the lips	buccinator
contracts when the frontalis raises the eyebrow`	occipitalis
muscles are synergists because they have the same action	temporalis and masseter
have opposite functions as far as the elevation and depression of the mandible are concerned	masseter and platysma
muscle rotates the head	sternocleidomastoid
orbiculais oris insertion	lips
orbicularis oculi insertion	eyelids
a muscle has fibrous covering called	epimysium
the plasma membrane	sarcolemma
a fourth connective tissue called	fascia
a muscle cell is composed	myofibrils
each myofibril is composed of thick and thin	myofilaments
thin myofilaments	actin
thick myofilaments	myosin
thick and thin myofilaments are composed of	protein molecules
a though fibrous tissue that does not allow for expansion	fascia
the cell membrane is called	sarcolemma
the smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the cell is called	sarcoplasmic reticulum
sarcoplasmic reticulum its function	is to store calcium ions until they are needed
myofibrils are composed of a series of repeated functional units called	sarcomeres
thick myofilaments are made of several hundred protein molecules	myosins
looks like a golf club with pincherlike head that can grab and bend	myosin
a muscle cell can be stimulated by a nerve to contract	excitability
the stimulation from the nerve moves quickly along the length of the muscle cell	conductivity
a muscle cell can be stretched	extensibility
a muscle cell is stretched it will return to its original shape	elasticity
stimulation of a muscle cell by a nerve happens at a	neuromuscular junction
think myofilaments are composed of 3 different protein molecules	actin, tropomyosin, and troponin
a minimal amount of stimulus called a ___________ is needed for the muscle to respond	threshold
muscle contraction involves thick myofilaments grabbing thin myofilaments and pulling them toward the center of the sarcomere	sliding filament theory
a muscle cell can shorten with force	contractility
a protein is the neurotransmitter released b\for skeletal muscle tissue	acetycholine
twitch	contraction of a muscle cell in response to a single nerve stimulus
the nerve impulse comes down the neuron	latent phase
myosin pull, the muscle shortens	contraction phase
myosin lets go the muscle goes back to shape because it is elastic	relaxation phase
tension in the muscle remains constant as the muscle shorten	isotonic contraction
tension in the muscle increases but there is no shortening of the muscle	isometric contraction
the calcium is actively transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the muscle produced acetycholinesterase to remove	refractory phase
three parts to a lever system	resistance, effort, fulcrum
when muscle contractions are not carried out normally the body may be dealing with an autoimmune disorder	myasthenia gravis
muscle cells can do either	aerobic and anaerobic respiration to process energy
electromyography (emg) diagnostic test	that can be used to determine the health of a muscle and its nerve supply
sustained contraction caused by nerve impulses coming in rapid succession	tetany
results in lactic acid which must be removed by adding oxygen	anaerobic respiration
the inability of a muscle to fully respond to a nerve stimulus	fatigue
specialized for aerobic respiration so they do not fatigue quickly	slow twitch fibers
composed of long straited cells with multiple nuclei pushed off to the side	skeletal muscle tissue
composed of branched striated cells with single nucleus and junctions between cells	cardiac muscle tissue
composed of spindle shaped cells with a single nucleus	smooth muscle tissue
the body can make	nonessential amino acids
essential amino acids must be supplied through the	diet
lean muscle mass decreases with age due to__________	atrophy
protrusion of viscera through the muscle of the abdominal wall	hernia
a painful muscle spasm that may have many causes	cramp
group of hereditary disorders that result in the progressive degeneration of muscle tissue	muscular dytrophy
involves a loop of the intestine protruding through the inguinal canal	inguinal hernia
involves the stomach protruding through the diaphragm	hiatal hernia
ligaments tears	sprains
tear in a muscle from overuse or overstretching	muscle strain
refers to muscle pain	myalgia
involves myalgia, fatigue and pain in soft tissues tendons and ligaments	fibromyalgia
tendon inflammation resulting from injury overuse and aging	tendinitis
REST MEANS	REST, ICE, COMPRESSION AND ELVATION
inflammation of a bursa a fluid sac due to friction	bursitis
pain in the front oof the lower leg	shin splints
specialized for aerobic respiration so they do not fatigue quickly	slow twitch fibers
composed of long straited cells with multiple nuclei pushed off to the side	skeletal muscle tissue
composed of branched striated cells with single nucleus and junctions between cells	cardiac muscle tissue
composed of spindle shaped cells with a single nucleus	smooth muscle tissue
the body can make	nonessential amino acids
essential amino acids must be supplied through the	diet
lean muscle mass decreases with age due to__________	atrophy
protrusion of viscera through the muscle of the abdominal wall	hernia
a painful muscle spasm that may have many causes	cramp
group of hereditary disorders that result in the progressive degeneration of muscle tissue	muscular dytrophy
involves a loop of the intestine protruding through the inguinal canal	inguinal hernia
involves the stomach protruding through the diaphragm	hiatal hernia
ligaments tears	sprains
tear in a muscle from overuse or overstretching	muscle strain
refers to muscle pain	myalgia
involves myalgia, fatigue and pain in soft tissues tendons and ligaments	fibromyalgia
tendon inflammation resulting from injury overuse and aging	tendinitis
REST MEANS	REST, ICE, COMPRESSION AND ELVATION
inflammation of a bursa a fluid sac due to friction	bursitis
pain in the front oof the lower leg	shin splints
specialized for aerobic respiration so they do not fatigue quickly	slow twitch fibers
composed of long straited cells with multiple nuclei pushed off to the side	skeletal muscle tissue
composed of branched striated cells with single nucleus and junctions between cells	cardiac muscle tissue
composed of spindle shaped cells with a single nucleus	smooth muscle tissue
the body can make	nonessential amino acids
essential amino acids must be supplied through the	diet
lean muscle mass decreases with age due to__________	atrophy
protrusion of viscera through the muscle of the abdominal wall	hernia
a painful muscle spasm that may have many causes	cramp
group of hereditary disorders that result in the progressive degeneration of muscle tissue	muscular dytrophy
involves a loop of the intestine protruding through the inguinal canal	inguinal hernia
involves the stomach protruding through the diaphragm	hiatal hernia
ligaments tears	sprains
tear in a muscle from overuse or overstretching	muscle strain
refers to muscle pain	myalgia
involves myalgia, fatigue and pain in soft tissues tendons and ligaments	fibromyalgia
tendon inflammation resulting from injury overuse and aging	tendinitis
REST MEANS	REST, ICE, COMPRESSION AND ELVATION
inflammation of a bursa a fluid sac due to friction	bursitis
pain in the front oof the lower leg	shin splints
decrease in muscle size due toa decrease in muscle tissue	atrophy
myalgia	muscle pain
myasthenia gravis	autoimmune disorder that affects muscle contractions
sprain	stretch or tear in a ligament
tendinitis	inflammation of a tendon
shin splints	pain along the tibia of the lower leg due to an increase or sudden change in activity
atrophy	wasting away muscle tissue
carpal tunnel syndrome	inflammation of tendons under the carpal ligament caused by repetitive movement
compartment syndrome	inflammation of muscles within a compartment due to overactivity or trauma
cramps	painful muscle spasm
fibromyalgia	conditon characterized by myalgia fatigue problems with sleep and tenderness
muscle strain	tear in muscle tissue or tendons

Created by: lupita25

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