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AP STATS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CATEGORICAL/QUANTITATIVE DATA | REPRESENTS CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAN BE DIVIDED INTO DISTINCT GROUPS OR CATEGORIES LIKE GENDER OR EYE COLOR. OFTEN IDENTIFIED BY NAMES OR LABELS RATHER THAN NUMBERS WITH MATHEMATICAL MEANING |
| DOTPLOT | A SIMPLE GRAPH THAT USES DOTS ON A NUMBER LINE TO SHOW THE DISTRIBUTION OF A DATASET |
| STEMPLOT | A METHOD FOR DISPLAYING QUANTITATIVE DATA GRAPHICALLY, SPLITTING EACH NUMBER INTO A "STEM" ( LEADING DIGITS ) AND A "LEAF" (THE LAST DIGIT) TO SHOW DATA DISTRIBUTION |
| HISTOGRAM | A VISUAL TOOL DISPLAYING THE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF CONTINUOUS NUMERICAL DATA BY GROUPING VALUES INTO "BINS" OR INTERVALS, THEN SHOWING THE COUNT ( FREQUENCY) OF DATA POINTS FALLING INTO EACH BIN AS ADJACENT BARS |
| OGIVE | A LINE GRAPH SHOWING THE CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION, PLOTTING UPPER CLASS LIMITS AGAINST THEIR ACCUMULATED FREQUENCIES OR PERCENTAGES, REVEALING HOW DATA VALUES ACCUMULATE AND HELPING ESTIMATE PERCENTILES, MEDIANS, AND SHAPE OF DATA DISTRIBUTION |
| CUMULATIVE FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION | SHOWS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF DATA POINTS THAT FALL AT OR BELOW A SPECIFIC VALUE OR UPPER LIMIT IN A DATASET, CALCULATED BY ADDING THE FREQUENCY OF EACH CLASS TO THE SUM OF FREQUENCIES FROM ALL PRECEDING CLASSES |
| SHAPE | DESCRIBES THE OVERALL PATTERN OR FORM OF A DATA DISTRIBUTION WHEN GRAPHED, REVEALING ITS SYMMETRY, PEAKS (MODALITY), AND TAILS (SKEWNESS) TO SHOW WHERE VALUES CLUSTER OR SPREAD OUT |
| CENTER | TYPICAL OR MIDDLE VALUE OF A DATASET, SUMMARIZING ITS LOCATION, COMMONLY MEASURED BY THE MEAN ( AVERAGE) , MEDIAN ( MIDDLE VALUE IN SORTED DATA), OR MODE (MOST FREQUENT VALUE) |
| SPREAD/RANGE | DESCRIBES HOW SPREAD OUT OR CLUSTERED THE DATA POINTS IN A DATASET ARE, INDICATING HOW MUCH THEY DIFFER FROM EACH OTHER OR A CENTRAL POINT LIKE THE MEAN OR MEDIAN |
| BOXPLOT | A STANDARDIZED WAY TO DISPLAY THE DISTRIBUTION OF NUMERICAL DATA BASED ON A FIVE NUMBER SUMMARY |
| QUARTILES | VALUES THAT DIVIDE A DATASET WHEN ORDERED INTO FOUR EQUAL PARTS, WITH EACH PART CONTAINING 25% OF THE DATA POINTS, HELPING TO UNDERSTAND DATA SPREAD, CENTER AND DISTRIBUTION |
| INTERQUARTILE RANGE | MEASURES THE SPREAD OF THE MIDDLE 50% OF YOUR DATA CALCULATED AS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE THIRD QUARTILE AND THE FIRST QUARTILE |
| OUTLIERS | A DATAPOINT THAT THAT SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERS FROM OTHER OBSERVATIONS IN A DATASET, LYING AN ABNORMAL DISTANCE FROM THE BULK OF THE DATA, OFTEN INDICATING MEASUREMENT OF VARIABILITY, EXPERIMENTAL ERROR OR UNUSUAL EVENTS THAT CAN SKEW THE RESULTS |
| VARIANCE | MEASURES OF HOW SPREAD OUT A SET OF NUMBERS IS FROM ITS AVERAGE ( MEAN), CALCULATED AS THE AVERAGE OF THE SQUARED DIFFERENCES FROM THE MEAN |
| STANDARD DEVIATION | MEASURES THE SPREAD OR DISPERSION OF DATA POINTS IN A SET RELATIVE TO THEIR MEAN (AVERAGE) |
| PERCENTILE | INDICATES THE VALUE BELOW WHICH A GIVEN PERCENTAGE OF OBSERVATIONS IN A DATASET FELL SHOWING A DATA POINT'S RELATIVE STANDING |
| Z-SCORE | MEASURES HOW MANY STANDARD DEVIATIONS A DATA POINT IS FROM THE MEAN OF ITS DISTRIBUTION, ALLOWING FOR COMPARISON OF VALUES FROM DIFFERENT DATASET |
| SHIFTING AND SCALING DATA | SHIFTING ADDS/SUBTRACTS A CONSTANT TO ALL DATA POINTS, MOVING THE DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT CHANGING SHAPE, WHILE SCALING MULTIPLES/DIVIDES ALL DATA POINTS BY A CONSTANT ALTERING BOTH POSITION AND SPREAD |
| DENSITY CURVE | A GRAPH THAT VISUALIZES HE DISTRIBUTION OF A CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE, WHERE THE TOTAL AREA UNDER THE CURVE EQUAL 1 AND THE AREA OVER ANY INTERVAL REPRESENTS THE PROBABILITY OF THE VARIABLE FALLING WITHIN THAT INTERVAL |
| NORMAL DISTRIBUTION/ NORMAL CURVE | SYMMETRICAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION IN STATISTIC WHERE DATA CLUSTERS AROUND A CENTRAL MEAN, WITH VALUES TAPERING OFF EQUALLY ON BOTH SIDES MEANING THE MEAN, MEDIAN AND MODE ARE IDENTICAL |
| EMPERICAL FORMULA ( 68-95-99-.7) | FOR A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION APPROXIMATELY 68% OF DATA FALLS WITHIN ONE STANDARD DEVIATION OF THE MEAN, 95% WITHIN TWO STANDARD DEVIATIONS AND 99.7% WITHIN 3 STANDARD DEVIATIONS |
| STANDARD NORMAL CURVE | A SPECIFIC TYPE OF BELL CURVE (NORMAL DISTRIBUTION) WITH A FIXED MEAN OF 0 AND A STANDARD DEVIATION OF 1 |
| NORMAL PROBABILITY PLOT | A GRAPHICAL TOOL IN STATISTICS USED TO VISUALLY ASSESS IF A DATASET FOLLOWS A NORMAL DISTRIBUTION BY PLOTTING ITS ORDERED DATA VALUES AGAINST THE EXPECTED VALUES FROM A STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION |
Created by:
manie