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PSY 311 Ch. 2
Research Ideas and Hypothesis: Book
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| First step in research process is to find an idea for a research study: 2 parts | 1. identify a general topic area that is interesting to you 2. explore previous research in that topic area to find a specific research idea or question |
| Common Sources of Research Topics | -Personal interest and curiosities -Casual Observation -Reports of Others' Observations (informal sources) -Practical Problems or Questions -Behavioral Theories |
| Applied Research | is intended to answer practical questions or solve practical problems -apply theory to solve practical problems |
| Basic Research | research studies intended to answer theoretical questions or gather knowledge simply for the sake of new knowledge -better understanding psychological processes and behavior |
| 2 purposes to reviewing literature | 1. to gain general knowledge, get up to date 2. to find gaps in the literature (identify where you can contribute to the conversation of research) |
| Tips for Starting a Review of the Literature | Do your homework, keep an open mind, focus, take one step at a time |
| Primary Sources | a firsthand report in which the authors describe their observations -includes full methods and results, cites claims, and written by and for experts |
| Primary Sources Examples | empirical journal articles, theses and dissertations, and conference presentations of research results |
| Secondary Sources | a secondhand report in which the authors discuss someone else's observations -uses more accessible language -rarely used by researchers because they may be incomplete, biased, inaccurate |
| Secondary Sources Examples | books and textbooks in which author describes or summarizes past research, review articles or meta-analyses, the introductory section of research reports, in which previous research is presented as a foundation for the current study |
| To obtain complete and accurate info. it is essential to consult with | primary sources |
| The purpose of a literature search | 1. to gain a familiarity with the current research in your specific area of interest and 2. to find a small set of research studies that will serve as the basis for your own research idea |
| Conducting a Literature Search: one of the best places to start is with a | recently published secondary source. Make notes of the following areas: subject words and author names |
| Abstract | brief summary of the publication, about 100 words |
| The title of the article is your | first basis for screening -initial factor |
| The Components of a Research Article | -introduction -method section -results section -discussion section -reference section |
| Characteristics of a Good Hypothesis | 1. Logical 2. Testable 3. Refutable 4. Positive |
| Testable | must be possible to observe and measure all of the variables involved |
| Refutable | must be possible to obtain research results that are contrary to the hypothesis |
| Psychology answers 4 types of questions: | 1. Description: identify what people think, feel, or act in response to a given situation 2. Explanation: understand what causes a phenomenon 3. Prediction: future events 4. Application: help people increase control over behavior, improve their lives |
| So, where do research ideas come from? | Experience |
| Unsystematic Observation | natural observation of everyday life -often why we are interested in psych. |
| Systematic Observation | formal, precise observation of behavior |
| Previous Research | -finding questions in your own research -extending results to other domains or populations -finding questions in others' research -contrasting findings: noticing that different studies found different results |
| Theory | -theories lead to testable predictions -theories may make competing predictions (research can determine which is mor valid, and when) |
| Applied Issues | the need to solve practical problems -recognized via observation or previous research |
| Basic Research Examples | -How do contextual cues affect memory recall? -What interpersonal behaviors motivate change? |
| Applied Research Examples | -How can waiters remember orders more accurately? -How can therapists get clients to change? |
| Reviewing existing literature helps: | -generate ideas -decide if ideas are worth pursuing -decide how to define and measure variables |
| Sources of Research Info. | -research can be found all over -differ in target audience -differ in quality |
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