Ecological Succession

The gradual process of change in an ecosystem where one community replaces another over time.

The formation of a brand new ecosystem in an area with no previous life and no soil.

The recovery of an ecosystem after a disturbance where soil is already present.

The first organisms to grow in a new or disturbed environment.

Pioneer species in primary succession that can grow on bare rock and help form soil.

Pioneer species that grow after lichens and help build soil during primary succession.

The process by which rock is broken down and organic matter accumulates to support plant growth.

A starting condition for primary succession where no soil exists.

An event that disrupts an ecosystem, such as fire, hurricane, or farming.

An example of a disturbance that leads to secondary succession.

A natural disturbance that can trigger secondary succession.

A human activity that can cause secondary succession.

Pioneer species in secondary succession that grow quickly because soil is present.

Early organisms in secondary succession that stabilize soil.

Plants that appear after grasses during succession as soil quality improves.

Large plants that grow later in succession once enough soil and nutrients are available.

A mature, stable community with little change in species composition.

An ecosystem that remains relatively constant with predictable changes.

Time Scale of Primary Succession

Very long because soil must form from scratch.

Time Scale of Secondary Succession

Shorter because soil already exists.

As plant diversity increases, animals move in to use plants for food and shelter.

Conditions such as soil, nutrients, and space that affect which organisms can survive.

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SUCCESSION 25-26

Question	Answer
Ecological Succession	The gradual process of change in an ecosystem where one community replaces another over time.
Primary Succession	The formation of a brand new ecosystem in an area with no previous life and no soil.
Secondary Succession	The recovery of an ecosystem after a disturbance where soil is already present.
Pioneer Species	The first organisms to grow in a new or disturbed environment.
Lichens	Pioneer species in primary succession that can grow on bare rock and help form soil.
Mosses	Pioneer species that grow after lichens and help build soil during primary succession.
Soil Formation	The process by which rock is broken down and organic matter accumulates to support plant growth.
Bare Rock	A starting condition for primary succession where no soil exists.
Disturbance	An event that disrupts an ecosystem, such as fire, hurricane, or farming.
Forest Fire	An example of a disturbance that leads to secondary succession.
Hurricane	A natural disturbance that can trigger secondary succession.
Farming	A human activity that can cause secondary succession.
Weeds	Pioneer species in secondary succession that grow quickly because soil is present.
Grasses	Early organisms in secondary succession that stabilize soil.
Shrubs	Plants that appear after grasses during succession as soil quality improves.
Trees	Large plants that grow later in succession once enough soil and nutrients are available.
Climax Community	A mature, stable community with little change in species composition.
Stable Ecosystem	An ecosystem that remains relatively constant with predictable changes.
Time Scale of Primary Succession	Very long because soil must form from scratch.
Time Scale of Secondary Succession	Shorter because soil already exists.
Animal Succession	As plant diversity increases, animals move in to use plants for food and shelter.
Limiting Factors	Conditions such as soil, nutrients, and space that affect which organisms can survive.

Created by: pnetha

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