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HW: Ch 8C.1 (234-241
pgs. 234-237 from the text (46 terms)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cardiologist | Diagnoses, treatment and management of cardiovascular disorders |
| cardiology | medical specialty concerned with disorders of the cardiovascular system |
| arteriosclerosis | progressive degenerative disease of arterial walls that causes them to become thickened and brittle, restricting blood flow to tissue and organs |
| artheroma | tumor of plaque |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| localized tissue death | infarction |
| localized tissue anemia | ischemia |
| angina | chest pain and tightness |
| diaphoresis | excessive sweating |
| hemiplegia | paralysis of half |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| hyperlipidemia | fatty substances in the blood |
| statins | drugs that slow down or reverse fat buildup |
| antihypertensives | drugs that slow down or reverse blood pressure control |
| anticoagulants | reduce thrombus formation |
| angioplasty | repairing the affected vessels |
| endarterectomy | fatty deposits from the inside of the artery |
| any disease that interferes with the ability of the coronary arteries to supply blood to the myocardium | CAD aka coronary artery disease |
| the death of most or all of the cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury, or failure of the blood supply. | necrosis |
| MI aka myocardial infarction | death of the heart muscle |
| endocarditis | inflammation within the heart |
| infective endocarditis | inflammation and bacteria within the heart and bloodstream leading to infections in remote regions of the body |
| vegetations | abnormal masses (often fibrin, blood cells, bacteria) that can form on heart valves due to infections like endocarditis, posing risks like blood clots. |
| mitral valve stenosis | abnormal condition of narrowing in the mitral valve |
| mitral valve insufficiency | impeding blood flow to the ventricle or not to close properly |
| regurgitation | backflow of blood into the atrium |
| bioprosthetic | when damage is extensive, a mechanical device or one made of human or animal tissue may be used |
| prophylactic treatment | patients susceptible to endocarditis are given antibiotic treatment to protect against infection before invasive problems |
| varicose veins | enlarges, engorged, twisted, superficial veins |
| incompetent | do not function properly |
| varices | varicose veins in the esophagus |
| hemorrhoids | varicose veins in the rectum |
| phlebitis | inflammation in the vein |
| endovenous ablation | minimally invasive procedure that uses heat (laser or radiofrequency) delivered via a thin catheter inside a diseased vein, causing it to collapse, seal shut, and eventually be reabsorbed by the body, then redirecting it into a healthier flow. |
| radio frequency ablation | common endovenous options include treatments that employ lasers |
| cryoablation | extreme cold |
| sclerotherapy | chemicals |
| myxoma | composed of mucous connective tissue |
| pulmonary edema | fluid in the lungs |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| primary tumor | malignancy originating in another area of the body |
| metastasizes | spreads to the parts of the body |
| malignant melanoma | primary tumor site is a darkly pigmented mole or tumor of the skin, bone marrow, or lymphatic tissue |
| anuerysm | localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually and artery |
| angina | chest pain caused by obstructions or spasms of the coronary arteries that decrease blood flow to the myocardium |
| arrhythmia | irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart also called dysrhythmia |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heart rate, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult |
| fibrillation | abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles |
| heart block | interference with the normal transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers |
| tachycardia | abnormally fast but regular rhythm, 200 beats/minute |
| bruit | soft, blowing sound heard on auscultation and associated valvular action, the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction, or both; also called a murmur |
| cardiomyopathy | disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function |
| coarctation | narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta |
| embolism | intravascular mass the dislodges from one part of the body and causes a blockage in another area |
| heart failure | disorder that occurs when the heart is unable to effectively pump the quantity of blood required by the body |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive amounts of lipids in the blood |
| hypertension | elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg |
| hypotension | Low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mm Hg |
| mitral valve prolapse | structural defect in which the mitral valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood |
| palpitation | sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter |
| peripheral artery disease | common circulatory disorder characterized by a reduced flow of blood to extremities, especially the legs, resulting in muscle cramping and pain |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a deep or superficial veins of the arms and legs |
| rheumatic heart disease | serious pathological condition resulting from rheumatic fever |
| syncope | partial or complete loss of consciousness usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain; fainting |
| thrombosis | abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation |
| deep vein thrombosis | blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body |
| normal | systolic: less than 120 mm Hg. diastolic: less than 80 mm Hg |
| prehypertension/ HTN | systolic: 120-139 mm Hg. diastolic: 80-89 mm Hg |
| Stage 1 HTN | systolic: 150-159 mm Hg. diastolic: 90-99 mm Hg |
| Stage 2 HTN | systolic: 160 mm Hg or higher. diastolic: 100 mm Hg or higher |
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