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HW Ch 8C.1 *234-241*
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cardiologist | someone who specializes in the heart |
| cardiology | the study of the heart |
| arteriosclerosis | progressive degenerative disease of the arterial walls that causes them to become thickened and brittle restricting blood flow to tissues and organs |
| atheroma | the buildup of plaque like substance composed of cholesterol lipids and organs |
| atherosclerosis | when the atheroma hardens and increases in size causing the lumen of the artery to narrow |
| thrombus | blood hemorrhages into the plaque and forms a clot |
| infarction | arterial emboli that completely block circulation cause localized tissue death |
| ischemia | a partial blocking of circulation causes localized tissue anemia |
| angina | arteriosclerosis in the coronary arteries causes chest pain and tightness |
| diaphoresis | excessive sweating |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on one half of the body |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| hyperlipidemia | elevated level of fatty substances in the blood |
| statins | drugs that slow down or reverse fat build up |
| antihypertensives | drugs that control blood pressure |
| anticoagulants | drugs that reduce thrombus formation |
| angioplasty | a surgical repair of the affected vessels |
| endarterectomy | surgical removal of fatty deposits from the inside of the artery |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | any disease that interferes with the ability of the coronary arteries to supply blood to the myocardium |
| ischemia | an inadequate blood supply to the myocardium |
| necrosis | death |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | death of the heart muscle |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the inner lining of the heart and its valves |
| infective endocarditis | bacteria |
| vegetations | bacteria and other cellular material form clumps |
| mitral valve stenosis | the mitral valve narrowing |
| regurgitation | backflow of the blood into the atrium |
| valvuloplasty | surgery to correct the damaged valves |
| bioprosthetic | a mechanical device or one made of human or animal tissue |
| prophylactic treatment | invasive procedures |
| varicose veins | enlarged, engorged twisted and superficial veins |
| incompetent | the valves of the veins do not properly function |
| varices | varicose veins may develop in almost any part of the body, the esophagus |
| hemorrhoids | varicose veins may develop in almost any part of the body, the rectum |
| phlebitis | inflammation of the vein |
| endovenous ablation | destroying the tissue within a vein |
| radiofrequency ablation | heat |
| cryoablation | extreme cold |
| sclerotherapy | chemicals |
| myxoma | mucous connective tissue |
| pulmonary edema | fluid in the lungs |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| primary tumour | malignancy originating in another area of the body |
| metastasizes | spreads |
| malignant melanoma | darkly pigmented mole or tumour |
| aneurysm | a weak, bulging bulge in a blood vessel wall, like a balloon forming on a tire, caused by a weakened spot |
| angina | arteriosclerosis in the coronary arteries causes chest pain and tightness |
| arrhythmia | a problem with the heart's electrical system causing an irregular heartbeat |
| bradycardia | slow heart rate |
| fibrillation | rapid, chaotic, and uncoordinated twitching of muscle fibers |
| heart block | a delay or blockage in the heart's electrical signals, slowing or stopping them from reaching the lower chambers (ventricles), causing a slow or irregular heartbeat |
| tachycardia | fast heart rate |
| bruit | a "whooshing" or blowing sound heard with a stethoscope over an artery |
| cardiomyopathy | a disease of the heart muscle |
| coarctation | a narrowing or constriction of the aorta |
| embolism | a sudden blockage in a blood vessel, usually caused by a traveling mass (an embolus) like a blood clot, or debris that breaks loose from elsewhere in the body and gets stuck, stopping blood flow and depriving tissues of oxygen, which can damage organs |
| heart failure | the heart muscle isn't pumping blood as well as it should, failing to deliver enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms like fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup (swelling in legs, lungs) |
| hyperlipidemia | elevated level of fatty substances in the blood |
| hypertension (HTN) | high blood pressure |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| mitral valve prolapse (MVP) | the heart's mitral valve flaps bulge backward |
| palpitation | a medical exam technique where a healthcare provider uses their hands and fingers to feel the body's surface to assess organs and tissues for size, shape, texture, location, and tenderness, helping to diagnose issues like masses or inflammation |
| peripheral artery disease (PAD) | the narrowing or blockage of arteries that carry blood from the heart to the limbs, most commonly the legs and feet |
| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein |
| rheumatic heart disease (RHD) | permanent damage to the heart's valves, caused by rheumatic fever, which is the body's autoimmune reaction to an untreated strep throat infection (Group A Streptococcus) |
| syncope | fainting, a sudden, temporary loss of consciousness and posture due to a brief drop in blood flow to the brain, causing you to collapse and then quickly recover |
| thrombosis | the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) inside a blood vessel (vein or artery) that blocks or slows normal blood flow |
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | a serious condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg or thigh, blocking blood flow and causing swelling, pain, warmth, or redness |
| normal systolic BP | less than 120 mm Hg |
| normal diastolic BP | less than 80 mm Hg |
| prehypertension (HTN) systolic BP | 120-139 mm Hg |
| prehypertension (HTN) diastolic BP | 80-89 mm Hg |
| Stage 1 HTN systolic BP | 140-159 mm Hg |
| Stage 1 HTN diastolic BP | 90-99 mm Hg |
| Stage 2 HTN systolic BP | 160 mm Hg or higher |
| Stage 2 HTN diastolic BP | 100 mm Hg or higher |
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