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PBS Unit 2.1 Vocab
Term/Definition
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Homeostasis | The body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions (such as temperature, pH, and fluid balance) despite external changes. |
| Medical History | A record of a patient’s past and present health information used to guide diagnosis and treatment. |
| Current History | Information about the patient’s present illness or health concern, including symptoms and their onset. |
| Previous History | A record of past illnesses, surgeries, injuries, hospitalizations, and treatments. |
| Social History | Information about a patient’s lifestyle, habits, environment, and behaviors that may affect health. |
| Family History | Health information about a patient’s relatives that may indicate genetic risks or inherited conditions. |
| Chief Complaint | The main problem or symptom that causes the patient to seek medical care, usually stated in the patient’s own words. |
| Physical Signs | Objective, observable indications of disease that can be seen or measured by a healthcare provider. |
| Symptoms | Subjective experiences of illness reported by the patient, such as pain or dizziness. |
| Diagnosis | The identification of a disease or condition based on signs, symptoms, and test results. |
| Differential Diagnosis | A list of possible conditions that could explain a patient’s symptoms, narrowed down through evaluation. |
| Empathy | The ability to understand and share the feelings of a patient while providing care. |
| Demeanor | A person’s outward behavior or attitude, especially as observed during patient interaction. |
| Tact | The ability to communicate sensitively and respectfully, especially in difficult situations. |
| Artery | A blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart (except pulmonary arteries). |
| Vein | A blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart (except pulmonary veins). |
| Hyper- | A prefix meaning excessive or above normal. |
| Hypo- | A prefix meaning deficient or below normal. |
| -emia | A suffix meaning a condition of the blood. |
| -itis | A suffix meaning inflammation. |
| Chemical Reaction | A process in which substances interact and change to form new substances. |
| HIPAA | A U.S. law that protects the privacy and security of a patient’s health information. |
| Risk Factor | A characteristic or exposure that increases the likelihood of developing a disease. |
| Triage | The process of prioritizing patients based on the severity of their condition. |
| Immune System | The body’s defense system that protects against disease-causing organisms. |
| Mucus | A thick fluid produced by mucous membranes that protects and lubricates tissues. |
| Lymph | A clear fluid that carries immune cells and removes waste from tissues. |
| Lymph Nodes | Small structures that filter lymph and help fight infection. |
| Cancer | A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth that can invade surrounding tissues. |
| Carcinogen | A substance or exposure that increases the risk of developing cancer. |
| Inflammation | The body’s protective response to injury or infection, causing redness, heat, swelling, and pain. |
| Temperature | A measure of the body’s internal heat level. |
| Hyperthermia | An abnormally high body temperature. |
| Hypothermia | An abnormally low body temperature. |
| Thermometer | An instrument used to measure body temperature. |
| Heart Rate | The number of times the heart beats in one minute. |
| Beats per minute | The unit used to measure heart rate. |
| Pulse | The rhythmic expansion of an artery caused by the heartbeat. |
| Tachycardia | An abnormally fast heart rate. |
| Bradycardia | An abnormally slow heart rate. |
| Radial Artery | An artery in the wrist commonly used to measure pulse. |
| Carotid Artery | A major artery in the neck that supplies blood to the brain. |
| Respiratory Rate | The number of breaths taken per minute. |
| Breaths per minute | The unit used to measure respiratory rate. |
| Inspiration | The process of breathing air into the lungs. |
| Expiration | The process of breathing air out of the lungs. |
| Blood Oxygen Saturation / Pulse Ox | The percentage of hemoglobin carrying oxygen in the blood. |
| Pulse Oximeter | A device that measures blood oxygen saturation non-invasively. |
| Oxygen | A gas required by cells to produce energy. |
| Carbon Dioxide | A waste gas produced by cellular metabolism and expelled through respiration. |
| Hemoglobin | A protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen. |
| Erythrocytes | Red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. |
| Blood Pressure | The force of blood against artery walls. |
| Sphygmomanometer | A device used to measure blood pressure. |
| Systole / Systolic | The phase when the heart contracts and pumps blood out. |
| Diastole / Diastolic | The phase when the heart relaxes and fills with blood. |
| mmHg | Millimeters of mercury, the unit used to measure blood pressure. |
| Korotkoff Sounds | Sounds heard through a stethoscope when measuring blood pressure. |
| Brachial Artery | An artery in the upper arm used for blood pressure measurement. |
| Hypertension | Abnormally high blood pressure. |
| Hypotension | Abnormally low blood pressure. |
| Stethoscope | An instrument used to listen to internal body sounds. |
| Electrocardiogram | A test that records the electrical activity of the heart. |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | A numerical value calculated from height and weight to assess body fat. |
Created by:
Jaden John