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Biology vocab

Honors bio ms doherty

TermDefinition
Meiosis process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
diploid Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes
haploid Term used to referred to a cell that contains only a single set of genes
gamete Sex cell
zygote Fertilized egg
chromosome Thread like structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm
autosome Chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Sex chromosome One of two chromosomes that determines an individual sex
homologous chromosome Same chromosome from mom and dad(pair, has same genes, but not always the same form)
karyotype Micrograph of the complete diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in Paris, arranged in order of decreasing size
genetics Scientific study of heredity
Gregor Mendel Father of genetics-studied pea plants to come up with the laws/ideas of genetic information
gene Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from the parent to offspring
allele One of different forms of a gene
trait Specific characteristics of an individual
dominant allele Capital letter, overpowers, recessive, gene, trait expressed whenever it is present
Recessive allele Lowercase letter, needs two copies in order to see expression of gene/see the traits
homozygous Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
heterozygous Having two different alleles for a particular gene
hybrid Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
genotype Genetic makeup of an organism
phenotype Physical characteristics of an organism
Punnet Square Diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross
offspring Individuals created from parent cross/mating of two individuals
P generation Parents start the cross
F1 generation The kids- offspring of the P generation
F2 generation The grandkids-offspring of the F generation
expected results Based on punnet square, what do you think will happen?
observed Results What results you actually see/what really happened?
pedigree Diagram to show how a trait is passed through a family
Created by: Jessicakenar
 

 



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