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History
Weimar and Nazi Germany
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Friedrich Ebert and what did he do? | Leader of the Social Democratic party and became the first German president and declared Germany a republic |
| What was the impact of the First World War on Germany? | 2m german troops died and over 4m were wounded, Government debs increased from 50 billion marks to 150 billion marks and more than 750K germans died because of Food shortages |
| What did the bad effects of the war cause the people to do in Germany? | Revolt by striking and rioting |
| Why did Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicate on 9th Nov 1918? | He visited army headquarters in Spa, ministers tried to persuade him to abdicate, he refused and army officers refused to support him, he had no choice but to abdicate and fled to holland on the 10th |
| During the revolution how did this affect the public? | Berlin streets were crowded, some people armed hoping to take over parts of the city |
| On the 10th November, what was one of the things Friedrich did? | Suspended the old Reichstag and formed the council of people's representatives as a temp measure |
| Give 2 facts about the armistice. | Signed 11th Nov 1918 and was the first major decision of Ebert's new republic |
| Give 3 strengths of the Weimar constitution. | Voting age reduced from 25 to 21, Women could now vote and There was an election for president every 7 years |
| Give 3 weaknesses of the Weimar constitution. | It wasn't the choice of the people so wasn't that popular, proportional representation leading to unstable weak coalition governments & president passing laws without consent of the Reichstag (Article 48) |
| What was the "stab in the back theory"? | The idea German people came up with that said they hadn't been defeated in the war and that the army had been betrayed by politicians and they were forced to surrender |
| Give 3 terms of the Treaty of Versailles. | Germany had to accept they caused the war, pay £6.6 billion in reparations and their army was limited to 100,000 |
| Who were the left wings? | The Spartacists |
| Who were the right wings? | The Freikorps |
| When was the Spartacist revolt, what was it and how was it ended? | January 1919, they took over the gov's newspaper and telegraph bureau and tried to organise a general strike in Berlin, the Weimar gov sent Freikorps units to put it down |
| When was the Kapp Putsch, what was it and how was it ended? | March 1920, Freikorps troops decided to march on Berlin and the Weimar gov fled Berlin seeking safety, the gov organised the trade unions to go on strike |
| Describe the German economy in 1923. | Hyperinflation, German currency was worthless and bread costed 200B marks |
| What caused the hyperinflation and what happened? | French occupation of the Ruhr, french troops invaded it to take reparations payments in goods and raw materials, german workers went on strike |
| Give 3 negative effects of hyperinflation and1 positive. | Some people couldn't afford essentials like bread, Savings became worthless affecting mostly middle class, people blamed the Weimar government, Farmers benefited as they were payed more for food |
| Who was Gustav Stresemann? | The new chancellor who played an important role in the recovery |
| What happened in November 1923? | Stresemann set up a new currency called the Rentenmark |
| What happened August 1924? (3) | The reichsbank was given control of this new currency, it was renamed the Reichsmark and hyperinflation was over |
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