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Chem unit 6

QuestionAnswer
Heterogeneous Mixture A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not have a uniform composition and in which the individual substances remain distinct.
Colloid heterogeneous mixtures of intermediate sized particles (between 1 nm and 1000 nm) and do not settle out.
Suspension are mixtures containing particles that settle out if left undisturbed. EX: medicine that says “Shake well”
Solute Being Dissolved
Solvent what the solute is being dissolved in.
Homogeneous Mixtures A substance that dissolves in a solvent is soluble. Two liquids that are soluble in each other in any proportion are miscible.
Solid/Vapor Equilibrium line S→V : Sublimation Ex: dry ice V→S: Deposition Ex: frost
Solid/Liquid Equilibrium line S→L: melting L→S: freezing
Liquid/Vapor Equilibrium line L→V: Vaporization V→L: Condensation
Endothermic Heat is obsorbed
Exothermic Heat is released
Dissolution the process of the solvent surrounding the solute (dissolving).
Crystallization The process of the solute coming out of solution and going back to the solid state (opposite of dissolution).
Factors: Rate of Dissolutions Temperature As temperature increases or heat is added rate of dissolution increases.
Factors: Rate of dissolution Mixing/Stirring (agitation) moves dissolved particles away from contact surfaces.
Factors: Rate of Dissolution Surface Area Increasing surface area increases rate of dissolution.
Solution Equilibrium When the opposing process of dissolution and crystallization occur at the same rate.
Solubility The amount of solute required to form a saturated solution with a specific amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
Unsaturated solutions that contain less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure than a saturated solution.
Saturated Solutions contain maximum amount dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.
Supersaturated Solution Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.
“Like dissolves Like” type of bonding, polar/nonpolar, intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent.
Hydration The attraction between water molecules and the ions is strong enough to draw the ions away from the crystal surface and into solution.
Hydrate crystalline compounds that retain specific ratios of water molecules.
Immiscible Liquids that are not soluble in each other.
Miscible Liquids that dissolve freely in one another in any proportion. Oil and Water are immiscible.
Henry’s Law The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid. Applies to gas-liquid mixtures at constant temperature.
Effervescence The rapid escape of a gas from a liquid in which it is dissolved
Gas Solubility Increasing the temperature usually decreases gas solubility
Solid/Liquid solubility More difficult to predict Often, increasing the temperature increases solubility.
Disassociation Separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves in water.
Created by: 27luícar
 

 



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