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Science
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mineral | a natural usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition and an orderly internal structure |
| elemant | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
| compond | a substance made up of atoms or ions of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| crystal | natural solid substance that has a definite geometric shape |
| streak | the color of a mineral in powdered form |
| luster | the way in which a mineral reflects light |
| cleavage | in geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces |
| weathering | the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as win, rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks |
| erosion | the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another |
| deposition | the process in which material is laid down |
| igneous rock | rock that forms when magma cools and solidfies |
| sedimentary rock | a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
| metamorphic rock | |
| rock cycle | a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes |
| uplift | |
| subsidence | |
| rift zone | |
| crust | the thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle |
| mantle | |
| convection | ) the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat |
| core | the central part of Earth below the mantle |
| lithosphere | the solid out layer of earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle |
| asthenosphere | |
| mesosphere | |
| pangaea | the supercontinent that formed 300 million years ago and that began to break up 200 million years ago |
| sea-floor spreading | |
| plate tectonics | the theory that explains how large pieces of the lithosphere, called plates, move and change shape |
| tectonic plates | |
| convergent boundry | the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding |
| divergent boundry | the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other |
| transform boundry | |
| deformation | the bending, tilting, and breaking of Earth’s crust; the change in the shape of rock in response to stress |
| folding | the bending of rock layers due to stress |
| fault | a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relative to another |
| shear stress | |
| tension | |
| compression | stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object |
| earthquake | a movement or trembling of the ground that is caused by a sudden release of energy when rocks along a fault move |
| focus | the location within Earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake. |
| epicenter | |
| tectonic plate boundry | |
| elastic rebound | the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape ( |
| volcano | |
| magma | |
| lava | |
| vent | |
| hot spot | a volcanically active area of Earth’s surface, commonly far from a tectonic plate boundary |
Created by:
Emiliano mendez