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Body Systems
Body Systems Vocabulary Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| muscular system | the system that allows movement of body parts; it works with the skeleton to help you move |
| endocrine system | the system that makes chemical messages that help to regulate conditions inside the body; they can also influence growth and development |
| excretory system | the system that gets rid of the body's wastes; the urinary organs remove waste from the blood; the skin, lungs, and digestive system also remove wastes from the body |
| female reproductive system | the system that produces eggs and nourishes a developing fetus |
| digestive system | the system that breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body; the stomach breaks down food into tiny pieces that are absorbed in the small intestine |
| skeletal system | the system that is made up of bones, ligaments, and cartilage; it supports the body and protects important organs; it also makes blood cells |
| lymphatic system | the system that returns leaked fluid back to the blood; it is also a part of the immune system and has cells that help get rid of invading bacteria and viruses |
| cardiovascular system | the system that moves blood through the body; the heart is the pump for this system; blood flows through blood vessels |
| integumentary system | the system that is the protective covering of the body; it includes skin, hair, and nails; it acts as a barrier that protects the body from infection |
| male reproductive system | the system that produces sperm and delivers it tot he female reproductive system |
| respiratory system | the system that gathers oxygen from the environment and gets rid of carbon dioxide from the body |
| nervous system | the system that collects information and responds to it by sending electrical messages; the brain is the center of this system |
| skeleton | the inner framework made up of all the bones of the body |
| five functions of the skeletal system | 1. shape and support 2. protect inner organs 3. movement 4. produces blood cells 5. storage of minerals like calcium and phosphorous |
| joint | a place in the body where two bones come together |
| compact bone | hard and dense, but not solid, bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone |
| spongy bone | layer of bone tissue that has many small spaces and is found just inside the layer of compact bone |
| red marrow | the soft connective tissue that fills the spaces in spongy bone and produces red blood cells |
| yellow marrow | the soft connective tissue inside of bones that stores fat |
| cartilage | a connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together |
| ligament | strong connective tissue that holds bones together in moveable joints |
| tendon | strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone |
| voluntary muscle | a muscle that is under conscious control |
| involuntary muscle | a muscle that is not under conscious control |
| skeletal muscle | a muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones |
| cardiac muscle | involuntary muscle found only in the heart |
| smooth muscle | involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body |
| lymphatic system | a group of organs and tissues that collect the fluid that leaks from blood and returns it to the blood |
| lymph | watery fluid that is leaked from blood vessels |
| lymph nodes | small, bean-shaped organs that remove pathogens and dead cells from lymph |
| spleen | organ near the stomach that stores white blood cells until they mature; the blood cells attack pathogens as blood circulates through |
| cardiovascular system | the system that contains the heart and blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body |
| heart | a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body |
| blood | the fluid that carries gases, nutrients, and wastes through the body |
| blood vessels | tube-like structures that carry blood throughout the body |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart |
| veins | blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart |
| capillaries | the smallest blood vessels through which exchanges take place between the blood and cells of the body |
| red blood cells | blood cells that carry oxygen from the lungs to the body cells |
| white blood cells | blood cells that perform the function of destroying disease-causing microorganisms |
| platelets | part of the blood that plays a vital role in blood clotting |
| plasma | liquid part of blood |
| respiratory system | system responsible for taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide using the lungs |
| trachea | tube in the neck that air passes through; also known as the windpipe |
| lungs | main organs of the respiratory system |
| alveoli | tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood |
| nutrients | the substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out its processes |
| digestion | the process by which your body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules |
| mechanical digestion | breaking, crushing, and grinding food into smaller pieces |
| chemical digestion | chemicals and enzymes breaking food down into their building blocks |
| enzyme | a chemical that the body uses to break down large molecules into smaller molecules |
| esophagus | a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach |
| tongue | strong muscle that moves food in your mouth and helps swallow food |
| gallbladder | stores bile until it is needed |
| stomach | a muscular pouch where mechanical and chemical digestion occurs |
| liver | makes bile which breaks down fats |
| pancreas | an organ that makes digestive enzymes that break down every type of material in food; it also produces insulin to help regulate blood sugar |
| absorption | the process by which nutrient molecules pass from your digestive system into your blood; mostly happens in the small intestine |
| small intestines | the part of the digestion system where most absorption occurs; a long tube 5 - 7 meters long |
| villi | tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed |
| large intestine | the last section of the digestion system; absorbs water and vitamins; contains millions of helpful bacteria; eliminates waste from the body |
| excretion | the process of removing waste from the body |
| urine | a liquid that contains water, urea, and other chemical wastes |
| kidneys | the major organs of the excretory system; they filter the blood to remove waste |
| ureters | the tubes that carry waste from the kidneys to the bladder |
| urinary bladder | a muscular sac that stores urine until it is released |
| urethra | a small tube that allows urine to leave the body |
Created by:
MrsTabor