Central Nervous System

control center of your body + made up of the brain and spinal cord.

controls thoughts, memory, emotions, and body functions.

long bundle of nerves that carries messages between your brain and the rest of your body

Peripheral Nervous System

All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to your limbs and organs

network of nerves in your shoulder that controls movement and feeling in your arm and hand

nerve that runs down your arm into your pinky and ring finger

Helps you straighten your arm, wrist, and fingers

Gives feeling to your thumb, index, and middle fingers and helps with hand movements

largest nerve in the body — runs from your lower back down each leg.

The outer parts of the brain that you can see, mainly the cerebral cortex

Controls balance, coordination, and smooth movements

Keeps you alive by controlling breathing, heart rate, and swallowing

thinking, planning, personality, decision-making, and movement

Processes hearing, language, and memory

Processes touch, temperature, pain, and body position

Receives information about touch, pressure, pain, and temperature

Controls voluntary muscle movements

Carries signals between brain and body and controls reflexes

raised ridges on the brain’s surface

grooves or folds between the ridges of the brain

Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital life functions

Controls emotions like fear, anger, and pleasure.

Process smells of structures involved in emotions, memories, and motivation

group of structures involved in emotions, memories, and motivation

Helps form new memories and learning.

thick band of nerve fibers connecting the left and right brain halves.

Produces melatonin, which controls sleep cycles.

“master gland” that controls other hormone glands.

Helps control breathing, sleep, and facial movements.

Controls heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and other automatic functions.

Involved in vision, hearing, movement, and alertness.

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Brain Vocab

Term	Definition
Central Nervous System	control center of your body + made up of the brain and spinal cord.
Brain	controls thoughts, memory, emotions, and body functions.
Spinal Cord	long bundle of nerves that carries messages between your brain and the rest of your body
Peripheral Nervous System	All the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to your limbs and organs
Brachial plexus	network of nerves in your shoulder that controls movement and feeling in your arm and hand
Ulnar nerve	nerve that runs down your arm into your pinky and ring finger
Radial nerve	Helps you straighten your arm, wrist, and fingers
Median nerve	Gives feeling to your thumb, index, and middle fingers and helps with hand movements
Sciatic nerve	largest nerve in the body — runs from your lower back down each leg.
External Brain	The outer parts of the brain that you can see, mainly the cerebral cortex
Occipital Lobe	Processes vision
Cerebellum	Controls balance, coordination, and smooth movements
Brain Stem	Keeps you alive by controlling breathing, heart rate, and swallowing
Frontal Lobe	thinking, planning, personality, decision-making, and movement
Temporal Lobe	Processes hearing, language, and memory
Parietal Lobe	Processes touch, temperature, pain, and body position
Wernicke’s Area	language comprehension
Broca’s Area	speech production
Sensory Cortex	Receives information about touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
Motor Cortex	Controls voluntary muscle movements
Spinal Cord	Carries signals between brain and body and controls reflexes
Gyrus/Gyri	raised ridges on the brain’s surface
Sulcus/Sulci	grooves or folds between the ridges of the brain
Brain Stem	Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls vital life functions
Amygdala	Controls emotions like fear, anger, and pleasure.
Hypothalamus	Keeps the body balanced
Olfactory Bulbs	Process smells of structures involved in emotions, memories, and motivation
Limbic System	group of structures involved in emotions, memories, and motivation
Hippocampus	Helps form new memories and learning.
Corpus Callosum	thick band of nerve fibers connecting the left and right brain halves.
Pineal Gland	Produces melatonin, which controls sleep cycles.
Pituitary Gland	“master gland” that controls other hormone glands.
Thalamus	brain’s relay station
Pons	Helps control breathing, sleep, and facial movements.
Medulla Oblongata	Controls heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure, and other automatic functions.
Midbrain	Involved in vision, hearing, movement, and alertness.

Created by: user-1898537

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