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Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mass that has been converted to energy after a nuclear reaction | Mass Defect |
| Component of a nuclear reactor with fissile material | Fuel Rods |
| Component of a nuclear reactor that controls reaction rate | Control Rods |
| Component of a nuclear reactor that slows down ejected neutrons | Moderator Substance |
| Component of a nuclear reactor that transfers generated heat to a steam generator | Fluid Coolant |
| Renewable source of energy that converts sunlight directly into energy | Solar Power |
| Method of generating solar power that uses the photoelectric effect to create current flow | Photovoltaic Cells (PV) |
| Method of generating solar power that uses mirrors to concentrate sunlight into a fluid to heat it and produce steam for a turbine | Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) |
| Renewable source of energy that converts potential energy of water behind a dam into electrical energy | Hydroelectric Power |
| Channel that water travels through when going from a high reservoir to a turbine | Penstock |
| Heat transfer by direct contact of particles | Conduction |
| Heat transfer by bulk movement of fluids | Convection |
| Heat transfer by emission and absorption of electromagnetic waves | Radiation |
| Solid fossil fuel formed from the remains of land plants in swampy environments | Coal |
| Liquid fossil fuel formed from the remains of marine microorganisms buried under ocean sediments | Petroleum (Crude Oil) |
| Gaseous fossil fuel formed near petroleum and made of mostly methane | Natural Gas |
| Spontaneous reaction between a substance and an oxidant that produces heat and light | Combustion |
| Trapping of heat by certain gases within earth's atmosphere, leading to gradually increasing global temperatures | Greenhouse Effect |
| Gases that trap heat in earth's atmosphere | Greenhouse Gases |
| Acids that come down in acid rain | Sulfuric Acid, Nitric Acid |
| Vast, interconnected network that delivers power from power plants to consumers | Electric Grid |
| Power loss equation | P_loss = (I^2)R |
| Transmitted power equation | P_transmitted = IV |
| Devices that change voltage of an alternating current | Transformers |
| Law that allows transformers to work | Faraday's Law of Induction |
| Transformers that increase voltage and decreases current | Step-up |
| Transformers where the secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil | Step-up |
| Transformers that decrease voltage and increase current | Step-down |
| Transformers where the secondary coil has less turns than the primary coil | Step-down |
| Current where electric charge can only flow in one direction | Direct Current (DC) |
| Current where electric charge periodically reverses | Alternating Current (AC) |
| Energy efficiency equation | η = E_out/E_in |
| States that the entropy of the universe is always increasing | Second Law of Thermodynamics |
| Theoretical maximum possible efficiency for a heat engine with a hot reservoir and a cold reservoir | Carnot Cycle |
| Carnot cycle efficiency equation | η_carnot = 1 - (T_c/T_h) |
| Largest carbon reservoirs | Oceans |
| Batteries that are not rechargeable because the electrochemical reaction is irreversible | Primary Batteries |
| Batteries that are rechargeable because the electrochemical reaction can be reversed by applying an external electric current | Secondary Batteries |
| High energy density batteries used for portable electronics and electric vehicles | Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| Renewable energy generated and stored in the earth | Geothermal Energy |
| Renewable energy generated from biomass | Bioenergy |
| Metric for evaluating the viability of an energy source | Energy Return on Investment (EROI) |
| Energy return on investment equation | EROI = usable energy acquired / energy expended |
| Closed loop that circulates water in a steam turbine | Rankine Cycle |
| Stage of the Rankine cycle that pressurizes liquid water | Pumping (Pump) |
| Stage of the Rankine cycle that heats liquid water into vapor | Boiling (Boiler) |
| Stage of the Rankine cycle that generates useful work | Expansion (Turbine) |
| Stage of the Rankine cycle that resets the water | Condensation (Condenser) |
| Heat engine that uses combustion in its fluid flow circuit | Internal Combustion Engine |
| Cycle within a four-stroke gasoline engine | Otto Cycle |
| Stage of the Otto cycle that takes in the fuel-air mixture | Intake |
| Stage of the Otto cycle that increases the temperature and pressure of the fuel-air mixture | Compression |
| Stage of the Otto cycle where a spark plug ignites the fuel-air mixture | Power (or Combustion, or Ignition) |
| Stage of the Otto cycle where burned gases are pushed out of the cylinder | Exhaust |
| Engines that use a spark plug to ignite fuel-air mixture | Gasoline Engines |
| Engines that inject fuel directly into hot, compressed air to spontaneously ignite the fuel | Diesel Engines |
| Ratio of the volume of a cylinder with a piston at the top of its stroke to the volume of the cylinder with a piston at the bottom of its stroke | Compression Ratio |
| Ignition of fuel-air mixture before spark plug fires | Knocking |
| Method used to separate hydrocarbons in crude oil | Fractional Distillation |
| The breaking down of large hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones | Cracking |
| Cracking that gives more control over products | Catalytic Cracking |
| Fuel cell that uses hydrogen gas to create electrical energy | PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) Fuel Cell |
| Proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen | Hydrogen economy |
| SI unit of energy | Joule (J) |
| Energy unit that is defined as the energy needed to raise 1 gram of water by 1℃ | Calorie (cal) |
| Energy unit that is used for food | Kilocalorie (kcal or Cal) |
| Joules per calorie | 4.181 J |
| Energy unit used for billing electricity | Kilowatt-Hour (kWh) |
| SI unit of power | Watt (W) |
| Power unit used for engines | Horsepower (hp) |
| Watts per horsepower | 746 W |
| Energy, power, and time relation | E = P * t |
Created by:
KatieThiel