Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Earth Structurs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mineral | a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence. |
| element | a chemical substance consisting of atoms with the same number of protons |
| atom | the tiny building block of everything around us (matter), made of a center called the nucleus (with positive protons & neutral neutrons) and tiny negative electrons zooming around it |
| compound | a pure substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio |
| matter | anything that has mass (stuff) and takes up space (volume), making up everything around you, from solids (rock) and liquids (water) to gases (air) |
| crystal | A solid material formed by a repeating, organized pattern of tiny particles. |
| streak | the color of the powder a mineral leaves behind when it is rubbed or scraped across a surface |
| luster | How a mineral looks when it reflects light. |
| cleavage | e tendency of a mineral to break along smooth, flat, parallel surfaces |
| weathering | the breaking down or dissolving of rocks, minerals, and soil on Earth’s surface into smaller pieces over time |
| erosion | when natural forces like wind, water, ice, or gravity pick up and carry away pieces of rock, soil, and sand that have already been broken down (weathering), slowly changing the Earth's surface and creating landforms like canyons and beaches |
| deposition | when wind, water, or ice drop off (deposit) pieces of weathered rock, soil, and sand in a new spot, building up landforms like sand dunes, deltas, or layers of sediment, after erosion has carried them away |
| igneous rock | one of the three main rock types, formed when hot, molten material (magma or lava) cools and solidifies |
| sedimentary rock | a type of rock formed from layers of sediments—small pieces of rock, minerals, or organic matter (like shells and plant remains)—that settle, become buried, and are squeezed and cemented together over long periods |
| metamorphic rock | rocks that have changed form (meta = change, morph = form) due to intense heat, pressure, or chemical fluids deep within the Earth's crust |
| rock cycle | the series of processes in which rock forms, change from one type to another is destroyed, and forms again by geologic processes |
| uplift | the rising of regions of the earths crust to higher elevations |
| subsidence | the sinking of a region of the earths crust to lower elevations |
| rift zone | an area of deep cracks that form between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other |
| crust | the thin and solid outermost layer of earth above the mantle |
| mantle | the layer of rock between the earths crust and core |
| convection | the movement of matter |
| core | the central part of earth below the mantle |
| lithosphere | the solid outer layer of earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle |
| asthenosphere | the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move |
| mesosphere | the strong lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core |
| pangea | the supercontinet that formed 300 million years ago and that began to break up 200 million years ago |
| sea-floor spreading | the process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms when magma rises to earths surface at mid ocean ridges and solidifies as older existing sea floor moves away from the ridge |
| plate tectonics | the theory that explains how large pieces of the lithosphere called plates move and can change shape |
| tectonic plates | a block of the lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid outermost part of the mantle |
| convergent boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding |
| divergent boundary | the boundary between 2 tectonic plates that are moving away from each other |
| transform boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally |
| deformation | the bending titling and breaking of earths crust |
| folding | the bending of rock layers due to stress |
| fault | a break in a body of rock along which one block moves relitive to another |
| shear stress | stress that occers when force act in paralel but opposite dirctions pushing parts of a solis in opposite directions |
| tention | stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object |
| compression | stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object |
| earthquake | a movemnet of trembling of the ground that causes by a sudden relase of energy when rocks along the fault move |
| focus | the location within earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
| epicenter | the point on earths surface directly above an earthquakes starting point or focus |
| tectonic plate boundary | the edge between two or more plates classified as divergent convergent or transform by the movement taking place between the plates |
| elastic boundary | the sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape |
| volcano | a vent or fissure in earths surface through which magma and gasses are expelled |
| magma | the molten or partially molten rock material containing trapped gasses produced under the earths surface |
| lava | magma that flows onto earths surface |
| vent | an opening at the surface of the earth through which volcanic material passes |
| hot spot | a volcanically active area of earths surface commonly far from a tectonic plate boundary |
Created by:
Ana Maria Ferrao