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brain vocab

TermDefinition
Central Nervous System (CNS) The primary command center of the body, consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
Brain The organ responsible for processing sensory information, regulating body functions, and enabling thought, emotion, and memory.
Spinal Cord A long bundle of nervous tissue that transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) All the nerves and ganglia outside the CNS that connect the limbs and organs to the brain and spinal cord.
Brachial Plexus A network of nerves originating from the lower cervical and first thoracic spinal nerves (C5-T1) that supplies the shoulder and arm.
Ulnar Nerve A major nerve of the arm that passes near the ulna bone; striking it at the elbow causes the "funny bone" sensation.
Radial Nerve A nerve supplying the posterior (back) portion of the upper limb, controlling the triceps and wrist/finger extensors.
Median Nerve The only nerve passing through the carpal tunnel; it controls muscles in the forearm and hand.
Sciatic Nerve The longest and widest nerve in the body, running from the lower back down the back of each leg.
Occipital Lobe The visual processing center located at the back of the brain.
Cerebellum The "little brain" at the base of the skull responsible for coordinating balance, posture, and fine motor movement.
Brain Stem The stalk-like structure connecting the brain to the spinal cord; it includes the midbrain, pons, and medulla.
Frontal Lobe The area behind the forehead involved in complex thinking, planning, reasoning, and voluntary motor control.
Temporal Lobe Located near the ears, it handles auditory processing, language comprehension, and memory formation.
Parietal Lobe Situated behind the frontal lobe, it processes sensory information like touch, temperature, and taste.
Wernicke’s Area A region in the temporal lobe critical for understanding written and spoken language.
Broca’s Area A region in the frontal lobe responsible for the production of speech.
Sensory Cortex A strip of the parietal lobe that receives and interprets tactile (touch) information from the body.
Motor Cortex A strip of the frontal lobe that generates neural impulses to control voluntary muscle movement.
Gyrus (Gyri) The elevated ridges or "bumps" on the folded surface of the cerebral cortex.
Sulcus (Sulci) The shallow grooves or "valleys" between the gyri.
Limbic System A group of interconnected structures (including the amygdala and hippocampus) involved in emotion, motivation, and memory.
Amygdala An almond-shaped structure essential for processing emotions, particularly fear and aggression.
Hippocampus A seahorse-shaped structure critical for the formation of new long-term memories.
Hypothalamus A small region that maintains homeostasis by regulating hunger, thirst, sleep, and body temperature.
Thalamus The brain's "relay station" that filters and directs sensory information to the appropriate parts of the cortex.
Olfactory Bulbs Structures responsible for receiving and processing information about smells.
Corpus Callosum A thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing them to communicate.
Pineal Gland A small gland that secretes melatonin to regulate sleep-wake cycles.
Pituitary Gland The "master gland" that secretes hormones to control other endocrine glands.
Pons Part of the brain stem that acts as a bridge between the cerebrum and cerebellum, helping regulate breathing.
Medulla Oblongata The lowest part of the brain stem that controls vital autonomic functions like heart rate and respiration.
Midbrain The top part of the brain stem involved in visual and auditory reflexes.
Created by: user-1898990
 

 



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