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science midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active site | specific part on an enzyme where the substrate goes into for a chemical reaction to occur |
| active transport | process of moving molecules across the cells membrane from low conc to high conc (against the concentration gradient) which requires ATP |
| adhesion | attraction between different types of molecules (water to a leaf) |
| alcoholic fermentation | oxygen free process where yeast converts glucose into alcohol and carbon dioxide to produce ATP |
| amino acid | monomer to proteins, building blocks to proteins |
| cell | smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms |
| cellular respiration | process where cells break down glucose and oxygen to create ATP (energy) releasing CO2 and water powering essential cell functions |
| cholesterol | lipid essential for animal life and maintaining fluidity and structure of cell membranes |
| cohesion | attraction between like molecules (water sticking to water) |
| concentration gradient | the gradual difference in the concentration of molecules across a cell membrane |
| dehydration synthesis | process where two smaller molecules join to form a larger moluce by removing a water molecule |
| electron carriers | a molecule that acts as a shuttle bus for electrons between reactions |
| enzyme | biological catalyst that speeds up reactions in organisms |
| eukaryotic | organisms whose cells contain a membrane bound nucleus along with compartmentalized structures in the cell. |
| eukaryotic | animals, plants, and fungi |
| glucose | fundamental molecule that serves as the most efficient source of energy for all living things-fueling cellular respiration to create ATP |
| glycolipid | molecule with a carb bonded to a lipid found on the outer surface of eukaryotic cell membranes to play roles in cell recognition signaling and membrane stability |
| glycolysis | the process in which glucose is broken down to produce energy |
| glycoprotein | crucial molecule made of a protein bonded to one or more carb chains |
| homeostasis | process where living organisms maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions |
| hydrolisis | chemical reaction where water is used to break a bond in a larger molecule, splitting into smaller substances |
| hypertonic solution | higher salt concentration outside (cells shrink) |
| hypotonic solution | lower salt concentration outside (water rush in) |
| intrphase | living period where a cell does its job |
| isotonic solution | same salt concentration in and out of the cell |
| lactic acid fermentation | proccess that doesn't require oxegyn where cells convert glucose into ATP and lactic acid |
| mitosis | the process where one parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells |
| prophase | first stage - where chromatin coils into compact chromosomes |
| metapahse | second stage - chromosomes align along the cells middle |
| anaphase | third stage - chromatids are pulled apart from the center and move to opposite ends of cell |
| telophase | final stage - separated chromosomes form new cells |
| organelle | any unit within a cell |
| organsim | any individual living entity |
| osmosis | passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from where water is more vs less abundant, aiming to equalize the concentration |
| peptide bond | strong bond that links amino acids together, forming proteins, releases a water molecule |
| phospholid | crupid lipid molecule that forms cell mmebranes with different parts to create the lipid bilyaer barrier that encloses cells. |
| photosynthesis | proccess where plants use sunlight, water, and co2 to create glucose and release oxegyn |
| polarity | uneven charge distribution in molecules creating positive and negative ends |
| prokaryote | single-celled organism whose cells lack a nucleus and internal compartments, smimple and have a cell wall |
| selective permeability | the cells membrane crucial ability to control which substances enter or exit the cel |
| substrate | the specific molecule upon which an enzyme acts to catalyze a chemical reaction |
| transport protein | specialized protein embedded in cell membranes that allow the movement of specific substances across the membrane |
| wavelength of light | the distance between two corresponding points on a light wave which determines its color and energy |
Created by:
jessicamo12n