A polar molecule (H₂O) essential for life; it dissolves many substances, regulates temperature, and participates in chemical reactions.

The ability of a liquid to flow upward in narrow spaces against gravity due to cohesion and adhesion.

Attraction between molecules of the same substance (e.g., water sticking to water).

Attraction between molecules of different substances (e.g., water sticking to glass).

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured (physical or chemical).

Uneven distribution of electrical charge in a molecule, giving it partial positive and negative ends

Movement of energy, heat, or matter from one place or object to another.

The ability to do work or cause change (exists as thermal, chemical, kinetic, etc.).

The layer of gases surrounding Earth that supports life and regulates temperature.

All of Earth’s water, including oceans, rivers, groundwater, ice, and vapor.

The long-term average pattern of weather in a region.

Heat transfer by movement of warmer, less dense fluid rising and cooler, denser fluid sinking.

The change of a liquid into a solid when thermal energy is removed.

When a solute separates into particles and mixes evenly with a solvent.

Specific heat capacity

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.

A state of matter with a fixed shape and volume.

A state of matter with a fixed volume but variable shape.

A state of matter with neither fixed shape nor volume.

The substance that is being dissolved.

The substance that dissolves the solute.

A homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

The cohesive force at the surface of a liquid that makes it act like a stretched film.

The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.

A temperature scale based on absolute zero

A temperature scale that starts at absolute zero (Kelvin is the absolute scale).

A substance that dissolves many materials; water is called this because of its polarity.

A mixture with uniform composition throughout.

Heterogenous solution

A mixture with visibly different parts or phases.

Water droplets beading up on a leaf.

Water sticking to the sides of a glass.

Example of surface tension

A paper clip floating on water.

Example of capillary action

Water moving up a paper towel or plant stem.

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Sofia Colon EES 3.1

Term	Definition
Water	A polar molecule (H₂O) essential for life; it dissolves many substances, regulates temperature, and participates in chemical reactions.
Capillary action	The ability of a liquid to flow upward in narrow spaces against gravity due to cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion	Attraction between molecules of the same substance (e.g., water sticking to water).
Adhesion	Attraction between molecules of different substances (e.g., water sticking to glass).
Property	A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured (physical or chemical).
Polarity	Uneven distribution of electrical charge in a molecule, giving it partial positive and negative ends
Transfer	Movement of energy, heat, or matter from one place or object to another.
Energy	The ability to do work or cause change (exists as thermal, chemical, kinetic, etc.).
Atmosphere	The layer of gases surrounding Earth that supports life and regulates temperature.
Hydrosphere	All of Earth’s water, including oceans, rivers, groundwater, ice, and vapor.
Climate	The long-term average pattern of weather in a region.
Convection	Heat transfer by movement of warmer, less dense fluid rising and cooler, denser fluid sinking.
Freeze	The change of a liquid into a solid when thermal energy is removed.
Dissolve	When a solute separates into particles and mixes evenly with a solvent.
Specific heat capacity	The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C.
Solid	A state of matter with a fixed shape and volume.
Liquid	A state of matter with a fixed volume but variable shape.
Gas	A state of matter with neither fixed shape nor volume.
Solute	The substance that is being dissolved.
Solvent	The substance that dissolves the solute.
Solution	A homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.
Surface tension	The cohesive force at the surface of a liquid that makes it act like a stretched film.
Water cycle	The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
Kelvin scale	A temperature scale based on absolute zero
Absolute scale	A temperature scale that starts at absolute zero (Kelvin is the absolute scale).
Universal solvent	A substance that dissolves many materials; water is called this because of its polarity.
Homogenous solution	A mixture with uniform composition throughout.
Heterogenous solution	A mixture with visibly different parts or phases.
Example of heterogeneous solutions	Sand mixed with water.
Example of homogenous solutions	Salt dissolved in water.
Example of cohesion	Water droplets beading up on a leaf.
Example of adhesion	Water sticking to the sides of a glass.
Example of surface tension	A paper clip floating on water.
Example of capillary action	Water moving up a paper towel or plant stem.

Created by: user-1997002

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