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sociology RM

QuestionAnswer
What is primary data? This is data collected by the researcher themselves as part of their research project (data that didnt exist before)
What is secondary data? data that already exists e.g government stats
Whats an advantage of primary data? explore questions and make them exact to your research
Whats a disadvantage of primary data? time consuming for a hypothesis to be checked
Whats an advantage of secondary data? quick and cheap
Whats a disadvantage of secondary data? the people who collected the data, may not have been interested in the topic
what is quantitative data? information in numerical form e.g stats
what is qualitative data? all types of data that is not numerical, gives a 'feel' of what something is like, e.g detailed interviews
What are the factors influencing a research methods? Practical, ethical, theoretical
What is an example of practical issues? Time/ money, funding bodies, personal skills, subject matter and research opportunity
What are ethical issues? making sure a research project is morally correct and causes no harm to ppts or society
what are some examples of ethical issues? informed consent, confidentiality/ privacy, wellbeing, vulnerable groups
What are theoretical issues? making sure data is good quality, reliable- helps allow researcher to develop support for their theory
What are some examples of theoretical issues? validity, reliability, representativeness
what is triangulation? researchers combine different methods so the strengths can balance out the weaknesses
what are the theoretical perspectives? positivism and interpretivism
What is positivism? belief that society is made up of social facts that can be studied scientifically to discover laws of cause and effect
what is interpretivism? covers perspectives such as interactionism- focus on how we construct our social worlds actions and situations
What is a hypothesis? possible explanation that can be tested by collecting evidence to prove it true or false
What is an aim? identifies what we intend to study and hope to achieve it through research
what are operationalising concepts? process of defining something that is not directly measurabe e.g fuzzy concept
what do positivists prefer and why? hypothesis- prove research true and false as they believe that society is made up of social facts
what do interpretivists prefer and why? aim- more broad focus of research, which is more general
What is a sample? selection of a smaller group from the whole population
what is a sampling unit? people or places that make up the sample e.g sampling unit of 50 pupils
sampling frame? list of peoples names which is used as the source to collect a random sample e.g telephone directory
non- representative sample? doesnt represent target population
why might a researcher have a non representative sample in their research? ppts may refuse to ppt
what are the representative samples? random, systematic, stratified/ quasi, quota
what is a random sample? everyone has an equal chance of being selected-simplest technique
what is a systematic sample? select every Nth person
what is a stratified/ quasi sample? 'stratify' the sample by age, gender, class etc take 1% from each category
what is a quota sample? 'stratify' sample by age, class etc- researcher selects ppts based on particular characteristics
why is a sample choice so important? has to represent your target population
whats an example of a non- representative sample? snowball sampling
what is snowball sampling? researcher identifies number of individuals, they then ask other who then ask others- sample frame would be the whole population
whats opportunity sampling?r researcher selects whoever they come into contact with e.g pilot study- sample frame- whole pop
whos the 'gatekeeper' in a school? headteacher
whats the hawthorne effect? behaviour changes based on how the ppt believes the researcher wants them to be
mundane realism? representation of the everyday- reality
Created by: hollymae
 

 



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