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unit 7: cells
unit 7 :cells
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Reference Point: | A place or object used for comparison to determine if something is in motion |
| Distance SI Unit | Meter (measures the length of a path between two points) |
| Speed | The distance an object moves per unit of time. |
| Average Speed | Calculate the total distance traveled by the total time. (Speed= Distance/Time) |
| Instantaneous Speed | The speed at which an object is moving at a given instant in time. |
| Velocity: | Speed in a given direction. If you know the speed and direction of an object, then you know the velocity. |
| Graphing Motion | Plotting time on the x-axis (horizontal axis), and distance on y-axis (vertical axis). |
| Slope: | is the steepness of the line, shows how fast one variable changes in relation of the other variable. Slope= Rise/Run |
| Mechanical Energy: | The form of energy associated with the motion, position, and shape of an object. |
| Nuclear Energy: | The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. |
| Thermal Energy: | The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object. |
| Electrical Energy: | The energy of electrical charges. |
| Electromagnetic Energy: | The form of energy that travels through space in waves. |
| Chemical Energy: | The potential energy stored in chemical bonds. |
| Chemical Energy: | The potential energy stored in chemical bonds. |
| Chemical Energy: | The potential energy stored in chemical bonds. |
| Chemical Energy: | The potential energy stored in chemical bonds. |
| Electromagnetic Energy: | The form of energy that travels through space in waves. |
| Elements: | any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. |
| Compounds: | hen 2 or more elements chemically combine. |
| Organic compounds:: | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Organic compounds must contain carbon. |
| Passive Transport: | When materials go in and out of the cell WITHOUT using energy. |
| Diffusion: | he movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Osmosis | The movement of WATER molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| Selectively permeable | means some substances can cross the membrane while others cannot. |
| Active transport: | When materials go in and out of the cell using energy. |
| Endocytosis | The cell changes shape and engulfs the particle. |
| Exocytosis: | The reverse process, which allows large particles to exit the cell. |
| Active transport: | When materials go in and out of the cell using energy. D. Moving Large Particles: |
| INTERPHASE | Chromosomes are copied (# doubles) • Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) |
| PROPHASE | Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide) • Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite ends of cell |
| METAPHASE | Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers |
| ANAPHASE | Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell |
| TELOPHASE | Two new nuclei form • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods |
| CYTOKINESIS | Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells - each with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes |
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