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unit 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mineral | is a naturally occurring usually inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure |
| element | are pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means |
| atom | can be thought of as the building blocks of matter |
| compound | the chemical composition of a mineral is determined by the element |
| matter | is anything that has volume and mass volume refers |
| crystal | a solid geometric from that result |
| streak | a mineral's streak is found by rubbing the mineral against a white tile called a streak plate |
| luster | when you say an object is shiny or dull, you are describing its luster |
| cleavage | when a mineral has cleavage, it breaks along flat surfaces that generally run parallel |
| weathering | weathering break down rock into fragments called sediment |
| erosion | water, wind, ice, and gravity can erode sediments |
| deposition | rock that is buried can be squeezed by the weight if the rock or the layer |
| igneous rock | when magma or lava cools and hardens to become solid |
| sedimentary rock | when minerals that forms form solutions or sediment from |
| metamorphic rock | when pressure, temperature, or change existing rock |
| rock cycle | rock may follow different pathways in the cycle examples of these pathways are show here |
| uplift | is the rising of regions of the crust to higher elevation |
| subsidence | is the sinking of region of the crust to lower elevation |
| rift zone | is an area where a set of deep cracks from rift zones are common between tectonic plates that ailing apart |
| crust | there are two types of crust -continental and oceanic both types are made mainly of the element's oxygen |
| mantel | is located between the core and the crust it is a region of hot slow solid rock |
| convection | is the movement of matter that results from different in density cause by variations in temperature |
| core | from below the mantle to the center of earth scientist think that the core is made of iron |
| lithosphere | is made of two parts the crust and the rigid |
| asthenosphere | a layer of weak or soft mantel that is made of rock |
| mesosphere | the mesosphere flows more slowly than rock in the asthenosphere does |
| pangea | the continents collided to from pangeaea mountains |
| sea-floor spreading | this in the ridges cools and forms new oceanic crust the old crust breaks along the mid-point and the two pieces of crust |
| plate tectonics | a large -scale movements of earth's lithosphere which is made up of the crust |
| tectonics plate | these plates move around on top of the asthenosphere |
| convergent boundary | form where two plates collide three types of collisions can happen at convergent boundaries |
| divergent boundary | two plates move away from each other |
| transform boundary | plate edges do not slide along smoothly instead they scrape against each other |
| deformation | the process by which rock change shape when under stress |
| folding | when rock layers bend under stress |
| fault | the blocks of rock on either side of the fault are called fault block |
| shear stress | is stress that pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions as seen in the image |
| tension | is stress that stretches or pulls rock apart therefore normal faults are common along divergent |
| compression | is stress that squeezes or pushes rock together |
| earthquake | are ground movement that occur when blocks of rock in earth move suddenly and release |
| focus | is a place within earth along a fault at which the first motion of an earthquake occurs |
| epicenter | seismic waves flow outward from the focus in all directions is where two or more tectonic plates meet |
| tectonic plate boundary | is a break in earth's crust along which blocks of rock move |
| elastic rebound | earthquakes accompany the release of energy during elastic rebound |
| volcano | is any place where gas ash or melted rock come out of the ground |
| magma | is less dense than solid rock so it rises toward the surface |
| lava | is magma that has reached earth's surface |
| vent | or opening of volcano |
| hot spot | is a location where a column of extremely hot mantel rock called a mantle plume rises through the asthnosphere |
Created by:
Allanhernandez