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EOG Review
8th Math Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adjacent angles | two angles that sit right next to each other, sharing a side |
| alternate exterior angles | outside the parallel lines and on opposite sides of the transversal |
| alternate interior angles | inside the parallel lines and on opposite sides of the transversal |
| base (of an exponent) | the number to multiplied in an exponential expression |
| bivariate data | involves two different variables for each observation |
| circumference | the distance around a circle, its perimeter; C=2πr |
| clockwise (CW) | means to turn in the same direction as the hands of a clock; top turns to the right |
| coefficient | a number that is multiplied by a variable |
| cone | three-dimensional figure like a pyramid, but the base is a circle |
| congruent | identical in shape and size |
| constant | a number in an equation or expression, not attached to a letter like x or y |
| coordinate plane | |
| correlation coeffiecient | measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables |
| corresponding | parts (like points, sides, or angles) that are in the same relative position in similar figures or situations |
| counterclockwise (CCW) | to turn opposite of the way the hands of a clock turn; top turns to the left. |
| cube root | the number multiplied by itself three times (cubed), gives you the original number |
| cylinder | three-dimensional figure like a prism, but with bases that are circles |
| deposit | putting money into an account |
| diameter | a line segment that goes from one side of a circle through the center to the other side of the circle |
| dilation | a transformation in which the preimage enlarges or shrinks |
| equivalent | equal in value |
| exterior | the inside region of a shape or set of parallel lines |
| function | a rule that assigns exactly one output to each possible input |
| hypotenuse | the side of a right triangle that is opposite the right angle |
| image | the result of translations, rotations, and reflections on an object; has the prime symbol (A') |
| infinite | something which is boundless, limitless, endless |
| initial | the starting value or condition at time zero (when the independent variable, usually x, is 0); the y |
| input | x; independent variable |
| integer exponent | indicates how many times to multiply the base number by itself |
| interior | the inside region of a shape or set of parallel lines |
| irrational number | a number that is not a fraction and can't be written as a fraction |
| legs | the sides of a right triangle that make the right angle |
| less than | < |
| less than or equal to | ≤ |
| like terms | algebraic terms that have the exact same variables raised to the exact same powers (exponents) |
| linear relationship | forms a straight line when graphed; where one quantity changes by a certain amount, the other quantity always changes by a set amount |
| more than | > |
| more than or equal to | ≥ |
| natural number | the positive whole numbers {1, 2, 3, ...} used for counting |
| negative association | a relationship between two quantities where one tends to decrease as the other increases |
| Negative Exponent Rule | A negative exponent means to take the reciprocal of the base and make the exponent positive |
| no solution | an equation or system has no value for the variable(s) that makes the statement true; false statement (4=3) |
| nonlinear | the change of the output is not proportional to the change of the input; is not a straight line when graphed |
| ordered pair | (x,y) |
| orientation | the arrangement and direction of its parts; faces up/down, left/right, or maintains a clockwise/counterclockwise order |
| outlier | a data value that is far from the other values in the data set |
| output | y; dependent variable |
| perfect square | a number obtained by multiplying an integer by itself; 4 x 4= 16 |
| perimeter | the total distance around the outside boundary of a two |
| positive association | a relationship between two quantities where one tends to increase as the other increases |
| Power of a Power Rule | multiply exponents when raising a power to another power |
| pre | image |
| Product Rule | add exponents when multiplying powers with the same base |
| proportional | two amounts that change at the same rate; equivalent ratios |
| Pythagorean Theorem | a relationship in a right triangle where the square of the hypotenuse (the longest side, c) equals the sum of the squares of the other two shorter sides (a and b) |
| Quotient Rule | subtract exponents when dividing powers with the same base |
| radius | a line segment that goes from the center to the edge of a circle |
| rate of change | slope or the amount y changes when x increases by 1 |
| rational number | a number that can be written as a fraction |
| reciprocal | the value you multiply a number by to get 1; like flipping a fraction |
| reflection | a rigid transformation that flips a shape across a line of reflection; preimage stays congruent to image |
| relative frequency | the proportion at which the category occurs in the data set |
| remote interior angles | two angles in a triangle that are not adjacent to the indicated exterior angle |
| rigid transformation | a move that does not change any measurements of a figure |
| rotation | a rigid transformation that turns a figure around a fixed point (center of rotation) by a certain angle, changing orientation but not size or shape |
| scale factor | a number that represents how much larger or smaller a figure becomes after dilation |
| scatter plot | a graph that shows the values of two variables on a coordinate plane |
| scientific notation | a way to write very large or very small numbers |
| sequence of transformations | applying two or more geometric transformations, like translations, rotations, or reflections, in a specific order |
| similar | shapes that have the same shape but different sizes, meaning their corresponding angles are equal (congruent), and their corresponding side lengths are in proportion |
| simplify | make an expression or equation easier to solve by using the distributive property, combining like terms, reduce fractions, follow order of operations |
| slope | the ratio of the vertical distance (rise) to the horizontal distance (run) |
| slope intercept form | y=mx+b |
| sphere | a three-dimensional figure in which all cross-sections in every direction are circles |
| square root | a value multiplied by itself, gives the original number |
| supplementary angles | two angles that add up to be 180 degrees |
| system of equations | a set of two or more equations |
| term | a part of an expression or equations |
| transformation | a rigid transformation that slides every point in a figure a given distance in a given direction |
| transversal | a line that crosses parallel lines |
| two | way table |
| vertical angles | opposite angles formed by 2 lines that share the same vertex |
| volume | the amount of 3D space an object occupies or a container holds, measured in cubic units |
| whole number | all positive integers, beginning at zero |
| withdraw | taking money out of an account |
| y-intercept | b in y = mx + b; the point where a graph crosses the vertical y-axis, always occurring when the x-coordinate is 0 |
| Zero Exponent Rule | Any non-zero base raised to the power of zero equals one |
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