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Minerals?
Unit 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mineral | a naturally formed, inorganic solid with a crystalline structure |
| element | a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; all atoms of an element have the same atomic number |
| atom | the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element |
| compound | a substance made up of atoms or ions of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |
| matter | anything that has mass and takes up space |
| crystal | natural solid substance that has a definite geometric shape |
| streak | the color of a mineral in powdered form |
| luster | the way in which a mineral reflects light |
| clevange | in geology, the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces |
| weathering | the natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind, rain, and temp |
| erosion | the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another |
| deposition | the process in which material is laid down |
| igneous rock | rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies |
| sedimentary rock | a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment |
| metamorphic rock | a rock that forms from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes |
| rock cycle | the series of processes in which rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geologic processes |
| uplift | the rising of regions of the Earth’s crust to higher elevations |
| Subsidence | the gradual settling or sudden sinking of the Earth’s surface, resulting in a lower elevation relative to sea level. |
| rift zone | an area of deep cracks that forms between two tectonic plates that are pulling away from each other |
| crust | the thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle |
| mantle | |
| convection | the movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by temperature variations; can result in the transfer of energy as heat |
| core | the central part of Earth below the mantle |
| lithosphere | |
| asthenosphere | the solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it |
| mesosphere | |
| pangea | |
| sea-floor spreading | the process by which new oceanic lithosphere sea floor forms when magma rises to Earth’s surface at mid-ocean ridges and solidifies, as older, existing sea floor moves away from the ridge |
| plate tectonics | |
| tectonics plates | |
| convergent boundary | the boundary between tectonic plates that are colliding |
| divergent boundary | the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other |
| transform boundary | |
| deformation | |
| folding | |
| fault | |
| shear stress | stress that occurs when forces act in parallel but opposite directions, pushing parts of a solid in opposite directions |
| tension | |
| compression | stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object |
| earthquake | |
| focus | |
| epicenter | |
| tectonic plate boundary | |
| elastic rebound | |
| volcano | |
| magma | |
| lava | |
| vent | |
| hot spot | |
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