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Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| function of RS | production/storage of gamete in the gonad transport of gamete via ducts provision of a safe environment for delivery of a full-term foetus hormone production |
| testes (testicles) sperm production name | paired oval glands, 5cm length within the scrotum contains seminiferous tubules which kick off process of sperm production spermatogenesis |
| ducts: epididiymsis | paired structures approx 4cm in length curving along posterior and superior surface of each testis site of spermatozoa maturation over 14 days |
| ducts: ductus deferens | 45cm length, ascends along posterior border of epididymis passes through spermatic cord travels into pelvic cavity towards urinary bladder storage of mature spermatozoa |
| ducts: ejaculatory ducts | paired structures approx 2cm length at end of ductus deferens superior to prostate, passing through it to empty spermatozoa into the urethra |
| seminal vesicles | accessory sex organ paired pouch like structures posterior to urinary bladder anterior to rectum secretes an alkaline, viscous fluid containing fructose and clotting proteins (60% of semen volume) |
| prostate | accessory sex organ single donut-shaped gland the size of a golf ball inferior to urinary bladder, surrounding the prostatic urethra |
| penis erectile masses are 2 ______ and 1 ______ | supporting structure common passageway for semen and excretion of urethra consists of three cylindrical masses of tissue surrounded by the tunic albuiginea corpora cavernosa (dorsal), corpus spongiosum |
| vagina | internal genitalia continuous with cervix superiorly opens into vestibule inferiorly obliquely superiorly and posteriorly between urinary bladder and rectum opening could be covered by the hymen |
| vagina function | reception of spermatozoa or passage of child in childbirth |
| uterus | hollow, pear-shaped organ within pelvic cavity between urinary bladder and the rectum usually anteverted and anteflexed only 5cm wide |
| uterus function | implantation site for the developing foetus maintaining appropriate environ for fertilisation/foetus development shedding of the lining causes menstruation (a period) |
| 3 layers of the uterus | endometrium - sheds during period myometrium perimetrium |
| uterine tube | connect medially to uterus laterally their trumpet-shaped ends open into the peritoneal cavity trumpet shaped ends contain small finger like projections called fimbriae (which surround the ovary but are not attached) |
| puberty is driven by... | the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and the gonads |
| reproductive cycle is controlled by... divided into - sequence of events is due to .. average cycle length | hypothalamus and anterior pituitary menstrual phase, proliferative and secretory phases the levels of several substances within the BS (FSH, LH, oestrogen, testosterone) 28 days |
| fertilisation meaning | fusion of the gametes which forms the zygote |
| fertilisation process | 1. ovum surrounded by zona pellucida (extracellular matrix) 2. acrosomal reactions degrade zona pellucida (digestive enzymes) 3. nuclear membrane breaks down - full genome is formed 4. ovum releases proteins to prevent further spermatozoa from fusing |
| pregnancy endocrine adapt | increased levels of circulating O and P, thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin and relaxin |
| pregnancy CV adapt | increased HR, SV, cardiac O and decreased vascular resistance , decreased BP in early pregnancy |
| pregnancy respiratory adapt | increased progesterone, causing increased tidal volume and hyperventilation |
| pregnancy renal adapt | increased renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate fluid retention dilation of urinary system urinary stasis and increased risk of UTI |
| pregnancy integumentary adapt | melasma(masking of pregnancy) hyperpigmentation of nipple, axillae and genitalia |
| pregnancy GI adapt | gastroesophageal reflect disease - GORD |
| ectopic pregnancy risk factors | implantation of fertilised ovum in any anatomical site aside from uterine wall (95% tubal, 5% non-tubal) endometriosis, previous EP, maternal smoking and increased age, tubal obstruction due to inflammatory changes |
| preeclampsia risk factors | preg complication characterised by high BP, often occurring after 20th gestational week first-time pregnancy, maternal age, chronic hypertension, obesity, pregnancy associated with twins or triplets, family history |
Created by:
user-2004250