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AP HUG 5.5-5.8
AMSCO
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Enclosure Acts | A series of laws enacted by the British government that enabled landowners to purchase and enclose land for their own use. |
| Bid-Rent Theory | A geographic theory that states the price and demand for real estate change as the distance from the central business district (CBD) increases. The value of land is influenced by its relationship to the market. |
| Hybridization | the process of breeding two pant that have desirable characteristics to produce a single seed with both characteristics. |
| Capital Intensive | Using expensive machinery and other inputs. |
| Labor Intensive | Using a lot of manual labor...often low-paid migrant workers. |
| Factory Farming | Capital-intensive livestock operation in which many animals are kept in close quarters, ad bred and fed in a controlled environment. Term comes from these operations running like factories. |
| Intercropping or multipcropping | Growing two or more crops on one field at the same time. |
| Monoculture | The cultivation of a single crop in a given area. |
| Monocropping | Agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land. |
| feedlots | A plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market |
| Agribusiness | System of commercial agriculture that links various industries to the farm. |
| Transnational Corporations | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. |
| Vertical Integration | Other businesses are involved in the steps of producing a particular good. Like research company for seed growth, then trucking company for transporting, factory for processing, etc. |
| Economies of sale | Cost advantages that come producing a large amount of an item. |
| Commodity Chain (supply chain) | A network of labor and production processes that leads to the distribution of goods. |
| Carrying Capacity | The number of people that farmers can support given the available resources. |
| Cool Chains | Transportation networks that keep food cool throughout a trip. |
| Location Theory | A key component of economic geography, deals with why people choose certain location for various types of economic activity. |
| Von Thunen Model | Economic model developed in the 19th century that aims to explain the spatial organization of agriculture and how it is influenced by transportation costs. The model was developed by Johann Heinrich von Thunen, a German economist and landowner. |
| Isotropic Plain | Flat and featureless with similar fertility and climate throughout. |
| Horticulture | A type of agriculture that includes market gardening/truck farming and dairy farming. Produces perishable items and farmers need to get items to the market quickly. |
| Bid-Price Curve (Bid Rent Curve) | A graph used to determine the starting position for each land use relative to the marker, as well as where each land use would end. |
| Free-Market Economy | Supply and demand (not the government policy) determines the outcome of competition for land. |
| Comparative Advantage | Naturally occurring beneficial condition. |
| Irrigation | The process of applying controlled amounts of water to crops using canals, pipes, sprinkler systems, or other human made devices. |
| Green Revolution | Dr. Norman Borlaug scientifically increased the food supply to meet the demands of an ever-increasing global population. |
| Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) | Humans use engineering techniques to change the DNA of a seed. |
| 2nd Agricultural Revolution | Began in 1700s, used advances of the Industrial Revolution to increase food supplies and support population growth. |
| Crop Rotation | Technique of planting different crops in a specific sequence on the same plot of land to restore nutrients in the soil. |
| 3rd Agricultural Revolution | Born out of science, research, and technology and continues today. |
| Aquaculture or Aquafarming | A type of intensive farming. Raising fish, shellfish, or water plants in netted areas in the sea, tanks, or other bodies of water. |
| Double Cropping | Planting or harvesting a crop two/three times per year on the same piece of land. |
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user-2015909