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3036 Week 1&2
Chapters 1,3,5,7,8,9,13,14,15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is community health nursing? | All nurses that work in the community |
| What are the 5 principles in the Canada Health Act? | 1 - Universality 2 - Accessibility 3 - Comprehensiveness of services 4 - Portability 5- Public administration |
| What is population-focused practice? | Directs community health nursing, and emphasizes reducing inequities in a population. |
| What are social determinants of health? | Social conditions and broader forces that interact to influence risks to health and well-being. |
| How do social inequalities affect community health outcomes? | Different social statuses within and between populations impact the health status of the grater community. A greater gap causes more health disparities and health care costs increase. |
| What are 3 actions that can take place to advance health equity? | 1. Improve the conditions of life 2. Tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and recourses. 3. Measure the problem, evaluate the plan, expand knowledge, raise public awareness. |
| Define social justice. | The fair distribution of society's benefits, responsibilities, and their consequences. |
| Define primary care. | The first contact between individuals and the health care system. Ex. Family dr |
| What are the principles of primary health care? | Accessibility Health promotion Public participation Intersectional collaboration Appropriate technology |
| What is the difference between upstream, midstream, and downstream thinking? | Upstream - Macroscopic, big picture population focus Midstream - Micopolicy level: regional, local, community, or organization Downstream - Individual, curative focus |
| Define community | People and the relationships that emerge from them as they share agencies, institutions, or a physical environment. |
| Define aggregates | Groups within a population |
| Define population health and health promotion | - Health outcomes of a population - Empowering people to increase control over and improve their health. |
| Define public health | Organized activity of society to promote, protect, improve, and restore the health of individuals, groups, or entire populations. |
| Define culture | Groups of people where there are common values and ways of thinking about and acting that differ form those of another group |
| What are the distinguishing features of culture? | Learned Adaptive Dynamic Invisible Shared Selective |
| Define cultural humility | Actively taking responsibility for seeking to understand the culture and experiences of others? |
| Define cultural safety | Awareness of self (values and biases) and its influence on clients |
| Define cultural humility | Taking responsibility for seeking to understand the culture and experience's of others |
| Define cultural safety | Acknowledgement of the power imbalance favoring health professionals and addressing this so the clients cultural environment is safe |
| Define immigrant | a person who has moved from their country of origin to settle permanently in another. |
| Define refugee | A person who needs protection and is escaping persecution in their homeland. |
| Define a newcomer | Immigrant or refugee who has been in a country for a short time. |
| Define culture shock | Anxiety related to unfamiliar environments and culture |
| Define ethnocentrism | Cultural prejudice where one believes that their culture is the best and is superior |
| What is trauma informed care? | An approach that recognizes the impacts of previous violent and traumatic events on current health and mental health situations. |
| Define poverty | insufficient financial resources to meet living expenses |
| What are the 3 approaches to defining poverty? | 1. Absolute poverty - Life-threatening deprivation of resources 2. Relative poverty - Individuals and families whose income is considerably less that their peers 3. Subjective poverty - Perception they have insufficient income to meet needs |
| What are the 3 categories of homelessness | 1. Absolute - On the street 2. Sheltered - Emergency shelters 3. Hidden - Vehicles, couch, friends house, etc |
| What are the 3 components of evidence informed practice in nursing? | 1. Research evidence 2. Family experience and perspectives 3. Practitioner wisdom |
| What is the PICO framework? | Population, patient, problem Intervention Comparison, control Outcomes |
| What are some sources of evidence that are key to CHN? | - Professional knowledge and experience - Scientific knowledge of all types - Clients experiences, values, preferences, and concerns - Knowledge of the community, the availability and accessibility of resources |
| What is critical appraisal and why is the practice important? | - Important part of evidence-based practice and decision making - looks at strengths and weaknesses of evidence to help make judgements on quality of a study's design. |
| What are clinical practice guidelines? | Systematically developed recommendations that facilitate nursing decision making |
| Define meta-analysis | Systematically analyzes the results of multiple studies. |
| What is MetaQAT? | Meta-tool for Quality appraisal of public health evidence |
| What are the 4 domains that Public Health Ontario's MetaQAT quality appraisal looks at? | 1. Relevance 2. Reliability 3. Validity 4. Applicability |
| Define epidemiology | The study of the distribution of factors that determine health-related states or events in a population, and the use of this information to control health problems |
| What are the 3 factors of the epidemiological triangle? | - Host - Environment - Agent |
| Describe the web of causation. | Factors related to the issue and each other |
| What are the different types of epidemiology? | 1. descriptive - When, where, who 2. Analytical - Why and how |
| What are the 3 epidemiological measures in clinical health nursing? | Mortality - # of deaths due to a disease in a population Morbidity - Occurrence of disease Measures of frequency - mean, median and mode = distribution of disease and death in a population * ratio, proportion, and rate = comparison of populations |
| What is the difference between incidence and prevalence? | Incidence - Occurrence of new cases of disease in a population over period of time Prevalence - Proportion of a population who have a particular disease or attribute at a specific time |
| How would you find the incidence rate of a population? | # of new case of disease/Event in a time period (((Over))) the total population at risk during same time period |
| Calculate the incidence rate for the following: 80 new cases of breast cancer found among population of 80,000 women aged 50-75 in 2025 | 80 (over) 80000 =0.01 |
| How would you find the prevalence rate | # of ppl in population with disease/event in timeframe (((OVER)))) Total population at risk during same timeframe |
| Find the prevalence rate for the following: 8000 women screened for breast cancer from Jan 2025 to Dec 2025. 35 previously dx & 20 newly dx. | 55(over) 8000 =0.006875 |
| Define risk | Probability that an event will occur within a specific period |
| Define relative risk | Probability of the occurrence of a disease for people exposed and those not exposed |
| How would you determine the relative risk? | The risk ratio - Risk of disease (incidence) in exposed population (((over))) Risk of disease (incidence) in unexposed population |
| How do you interpret relative risk? | If the resulting # is = to 1, = both groups have the same risk If the resulting # is >1, = risk for exposed group is higher than the risk in the unexposed group If the resulting # is <1, = decreased risk for exposed group than the unexposed group |
| Define odds ratio | Odds/probability that an event is the same for 2 groups |
| How is the odds ratio calculated? | Exposed persons with the disease/unexposed persons with the disease (((over)))) Exposed persons without the disease/unexposed persons without the disease |
| How do you interpret the odds ratio? | If the resulting # = 1, indicates both groups have the same odds of the outcome If the resulting # is >1, indicates exposed group has increased odds of the outcome If the resulting # is <1, indicates exposed group has reduced odds of the outcome |
| What do confidence intervals tell us? | Whether the ration is statistically significant or not - If it includes one = not significant |
| What is the difference between the community as a client and the community as a partner? | |
| What are the 3 components of community development? | 1. Capacity building 2. Intersectional networking 3. Local area development |
| How can CHN's use the nursing process? | |
| What is a windshield survey? | Observational method to scan the environment of the community |
| What is the difference between goals and objectives? | Goals-broad statements of desired outcomes Objectives - Precise statements to achieve a desired outcome |
| What are the 4 types of leadership styles and what are the definitions? | 1. Autocratic 2. Laissez-faire 3. Democratic 4. Shared |
Created by:
ahgecas25