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10th Chemistry
Chapter 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| coordinate covalent bond | a covalent bond in which one atom contributes both bonding electrons |
| double covalent bond | a bond that involves 2 shared pairs of electrons |
| structural formula | represents the covalent bonds by dashes and shows the arrangement of covalently bonded atoms |
| single covalent bond | 2 atoms held together by sharing a pair of electrons |
| polar bond | a covalent bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared unequally |
| hydrogen bond | an attractive force in which a hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom is also weakly bonded to an unshared electron pair of another electronegative atom |
| network solid | a solid in which all of the atoms are covalently bonded to each other (also called a network crystal) |
| bonding orbital | a molecular orbital that can be occupied by 2 electrons of a covalent bond |
| dipole interaction | occurs when polar molecules are attracted to one another |
| bond dissociation energy | the energy required to break the bond between 2 covalently bonded atoms |
| tetrahedral angle | 109.5 degrees |
| vsepr theory | the repulsion between electron pairs causes molecular shapes to adjust so that the valence-electron pairs stay as far apart as possible (valence-shell electron-pair repulsion theory) |
| sigma bond | when 2 atomic orbitals combine to form a molecular orbital that is symmetrical around the axis connecting 2 atomic nuclei |
| list the diatomic atoms (777 rule) | hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, bromine |
| what type of atoms are in a a covalent bond? | 2 or more nonmetals |
| the 2 weakest attractions between molecules | van der waals forces |
| how many shared electrons are in a single bond? | 2 |
| how many shared electrons are in a double bond? | 4 |
| how many shared electrons are in a triple bond? | 6 |
| molecular orbitals | orbitals that apply to the entire molecule (formed when 2 atoms combine and their atomic orbitals overlap) |
| what causes hydrogen bonding? | when an electron is not shared evenly between a hydrogen atom and a negatively charged atom |
| what is the shape of a methane molecule (CH4)? | tetrahedral |
| pi bond | the bonding electrons are most likely to be found in sausage-shaped regions above and below the bond axis of the bonded atoms |
| what causes dipole interactions? | when partial charges are formed within a molecule |
| what is required to melt a network solid? | a temperature of 1,000 degrees Celsius |
| unshared pair | a pair of valence electrons that is not shared between atoms (also called a lone pair or nonbonding pair) |
Created by:
wellis76
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