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Immunology Test 1

Immunology Chapter 1

QuestionAnswer
What is immunology? study of reactions of a host when foreign substances are introduced into the body
What is an antigen? foreign substance that induces an immune response in a host
What is immunity? condition of being resistant to infection
What is variolation? deliberately exposing an individual to material to reduce effects of a disease (ex. smallpox lesions)
What is attenuation? making a pathogen less virulent through heat, aging, or chemical means
What is vaccination? injecting immunogenic material into the body to induce immunity
Who injected cellular material of cowpox into individuals to prevent smallpox? Edward Jenner
Who developed an attenuated vaccine and is associated with rabies? Louis Pasteur
What is natural immunity? nonspecific & ability of a host to resist infection through normally present body functions
What cells are associated with natural immunity? leukocytes, macrophages, mast cells, dendritic cells
What cell initiates and regulates both innate and adaptive immune responses? macrophages
What are macrophages function in the innate (natural) system? microbial killing, anti-tumor activity, intracellular parasite eradication, phagocytosis, secretion of cell mediators
What are mast cells function in the innate/natural system? enhance and suppress adaptive response, functions as APC
What are dendritic cells function in innate/natural system? most potent phagocytic cell, most effective APC in body
What is adaptive immunity? specific & ability to remember prior exposure leading to an increased immune response
What cells are associated with adaptive immunity? lymphocytes (B, T, NK)
What are the primary lymphoid organs? bone marrow, thymus
What are the secondary lymphoid organs? spleen, lymph nodes, MALT, CALT
What is considered CALT? T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells on skin
Where is MALT found? mucosal surfaces of gastrointestinal, respiratory, and urogential tracts
Role of B cells secrete antibodies (when mature)
Role of T cells acquire specificity in thymus
Role of NK cells kill virally infected or cancerous target cells w/o previous exposure
Created by: ashnicpool
 

 



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