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unit 7 biology vocab

TermDefinition
Chromosomes the structures that contain a cells DNA
Interphase first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA.
Cell cycle process of cellular reproduction, occurring in three main stages—interphase (growth), mitosis (nuclear division), and cytokinesis (cytoplasm division).
Mitosis second main stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s replicated DNA divides and two genetically identical diploid daughter cells are produced.
Chromatid sister structure that contains identical DNA copies and is formed during DNA replication.
Spindle apparatus structure made of spindle fibers, centrioles, and aster fibers that is involved in moving and organizing chromosomes before the cell divides.
Cytokinesis third main stage of the cell cycle, during which the cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.
Chromatin relaxed form of DNA in the nucleus of a cell.
Binary fission Asexual form of reproduction used by some prokaryotes in which a cell divides into 2 genetically identical cells
Daughter cells the new cells produced as a result of a single parent cell undergoing cell division, either through mitosis or meiosis
Cyclin-dependent kinase enzyme to which cyclin binds during interphase and mitosis, triggering and controlling activities during the cell cycle.
Cancer uncontrolled growth and division of cells that can be caused by changes in control of the cell cycle and also may be caused by environmental factors.
Centromere cell structure that joins two sister chromatids.
Centrioles organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules.
Somatic Cells any cells in the body that are not reproductive cells (gametes), forming all tissues and organs, and are diploid (containing two sets of chromosomes)
Apoptosis programmed cell death.
Karyotype an organized image of an individual’s complete set of chromosomes.
Diploid having two copies of each chromosome (2n).
Haploid cell with half the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid (2n) cell.
Homologous Chromosomes one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location.
Meiosis reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploid (n) cells that are not genetically identical.
Crossing over exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meisois.
Gamete a haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg.
Zygote as the product of fertilization that contains all genetic material to form a new organism, undergoing cell division (cleavage) to become a multicellular embryo
Created by: taytay131313
 

 



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