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Gastrointestinal S
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consists of | GI tract accessory organs of digestion |
| GS extends from.. size | oral cavity towards the anus via the thorax, abdominal and pelvic cavities 5-7 metres in length |
| 6 functions | ingestion secretion motility digestion absorption defaecation |
| layers of GI tract | from deep to superficial mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa |
| peritoneum | a serous membrane, formed of a single layer of epithelium with supporting connecting tissue surrounds abdominal organs |
| layers of peritoneum | parietal - covers abdominal wall and undersurface of diaphragm visceral - covers abdominal organs thin layer of lubricating peritoneal fluid between layers - prevents friction |
| function of peritoneum | contains large folds that weave between AB organs and bind organs together and to the AB walls these folds convey BVs, nerves and lymphatic vessels to and from the AB organs 5 major folds |
| oral cavity functions | bordered by lips (anterior), pharynx (posterior), Cheek muscles (lateral), soft tissues of mouth floor (inferior) and palate (superior) contains mucus secreting glands mastication, digestion, speech, taste |
| salivary glands functions | release secretions into OC to moisten membranes and cleanse mouth and teeth produced mainly by parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands saliva secreted into a duct emptying into the oral cavity chemical breakdown of foodstuffs |
| pharynx foodstuff passes through ____ and ____ to access ___ function | 3 parts - nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx oropharynx , laryngopharnyx , oesophagus passage of food bolus from OC into oesophagus |
| oesophagus peristalsis function | collapsible muscle tube , approx 25 cm passes thru thoracic cavity and diaphragm before emptying into stomach propels the food bolus through the oesophagus and the sphincters movement of food bolus by peristalsis |
| stomach | J-shaped enlargement of GI tract inferior to diaphragm most distensible part of GI tract - 1.5 litres after a meal |
| stomach functions | temporary storage, chem and mech digestion, absoprtion (water, alcohol, lipid-soluble drugs), destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, prepares iron for absorption |
| how does stomach work | contraction of gastric SM generate churning action which breaks down food bolus and promotes mixing with gastric juice to produce highly acidic semifluid called chyme |
| how much gastric juice produced each day? | 2 litres |
| small intestine length extending from.. | 3 parts in the following order duodenum, jejunum, ileum 5 metres pyloric sphincter to ileocecal valve |
| SI function | movement of intestinal contents by peristalsis secretion of intestinal juice completion of chemical digestion protect against infection hormone secretion nutrient absorption |
| large intestine extends from how long for material to pass through LI | iloceca junction to opening of anal canal, approx 1.5metres 18-24 hrs |
| LI parts | the caecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum, anal canal |
| caecum and the appendix | blind sac extending inferiorly from ileocecal junction suspended from the caecum is a small, blind tube 9cm in length - the appendix appendix has no digestive function wall of appendix contains substantial amount of lymphoid tissue |
| rectum | straight muscular tube commencing at termination of the sigmoid colon and ends at anal canal. this section is slightly dilated |
| anal canal function | short passage that forms last 2-3cm of GI tract internal anal sphincter is involuntary external anal sphincter is voluntary holds faecal material and lubricates for the passage of the faeces |
| LI functions | water abs via osmosis mineral, vitamin and drug abs synthesis of vitamin K and folic acid by colonic bacteria wave of peristalsis every 4-6 hrs (gastrocolic reflex) dafaecation |
| accessory organs of digestion | pancreas, liver, gallbladder |
| liver | 2nd largest organ in human body inferior to diaphragm on the right heaviest gland within the body |
| liver function | detoxification, production of plasma proteins, storage of iron and glucose, bile production |
| gallpladder | posterior to liver stores and concentrates bile produced in the liver |
| pancreas | posterior AB wall partly retroperitoneal, partly intraperitoneal |
Created by:
user-2004250