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Respiratory System

QuestionAnswer
6 functions of the respiratory system 1. Bring oxygen to alveoli 2. Rid of carbon dioxide 3. Filter, warm, and humidify air 4. Produces sound 5. Helps with sense of smell 6. Regulates the pH of blood
What is the correct passage of air in order? Nares or mouth, nasal cavity/oral cavity, nasopharynx/oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Epiglottis Flap of skin that prevents food or drink from entering the wind pipe
Glottis The opening that lets air in between the true vocal cords
Hyoid bone Located under the mandible that helps with articulation of the tongue
Thyroid cartilage "Adam's apple" - gives the larynx a triangular shape and protects the glottis
Cricoid cartilage cartilage that is the base of the larynx to provide support. Shaped like a signet ring
True vocal cords AKA "vocal folds" - vibrate when air is passed through them to produce sound
False vocal cords lateral of the true vocal cords, these fibrous pieces of muscle tissue help to close the glottis when swallowing
Trachea AKA "windpipe" - serves as passageway for air to the lungs
Bronchi (singular = bronchus) branches of the trachea within the mediastinum
Bronchioles smaller passageways for air that branch from the bronchi that allow air to reach the alveoli
Alveolar ducts found at the end of bronchioles and connect to alveoli
Alveoli sac-like structures where gas exchange takes place. causes the lung to be sponge-like
Apex The superior, pointed area of the lungs
Base The inferior portion of the lungs which rests on the diaphragm
Right lung there are three lobes in the right lung which are the superior, middle, and inferior
Left lung there are two lobes in the left lung which are the superior and inferior
Visceral pleura serous membrane that covers the outer portion of the lungs
Parietal pleura serous membrane that covers the inner surface of the pleural cavity
Pleural cavity holds the lungs
What are alveoi and where are they located? AKA air sacs and are the site of gas exchange.
Tidal volume The volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during quiet breathing.
Vital capacity The maximum volume of air exhaled after a maximum amount of air inhaled. VC = TV + ERV + IRV
External respiration The gas exchange between oxygen and blood
Internal respiration The gas exchange between blood and body cells
What effects do carbon dioxide have on respiration? C02 acts as a breathing stimulator. As C02 builds up in the body, the pH of blood quickly becomes more acidic and signals are sent to the medulla oblongata to ventilate.
Emphysema This COPD effects the alveoli by becoming damaged and enlarged. This damage causes constant breathlessness.
Bronchitis long-term lung infection that causes mucus producing cough that lasts for at least 3 months. The bronchi become overwhelmed with mucus.
Influenza 'the flu" - contagious respiratory illness that associates with high fever like symptoms and goop.
Asthma swelling spasms of the bronchi which blocks passage of air
Pneumonia infection in the lungs causing inflammation and fluid in the alveoli
Tuberculosis bacterial infection of the lungs or other regions of body. not common in the US.
Lung Cancer cancer in the lungs
Cystic fibrosis genetic disorder that can also effect the digestive system by blocking passageways with plaque build up.
RSV Respiratory Syncytial Virus - infection of the lungs and respiratory tract
Respiratory distress syndrome Sudden or quick failure of the respiratory tract
Created by: user-1988687
 

 



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