Closest to Earth; where weather happens (clouds, rain); airplanes fly in lower part.

Contains the ozone layer; commercial jets sometimes cruise near its lower region; temperature increases with altitude here.

Meteors burn up here; temperatures decrease with altitude.

Auroras occur; very thin air; temperature increases with altitude; satellites begin to orbit in upper parts.

Outermost layer; very sparse gas; satellites orbit here.

Liquid water becomes water vapor. This process absorbs energy (heat from the Sun).

Water released from plants into the air; also absorbs energy (driven by heat for evaporation from leaves).

Water vapor cools and forms droplets (clouds). Condensation releases energy into the atmosphere (latent heat).

Droplets fall as rain/snow due to gravity — this is driven by gravity.

Surface runoff and infiltration/percolation

Water moves across or into the ground; largely driven by gravity.

Solid (ice/snow) becomes water vapor, absorbs energy

Cloud formation and condensation evidence

Condensation requires cooling of water vapor and tiny particles (dust, smoke) called condensation nuclei.

Warm surface currents:

Warm the air above them. Tend to make the coastal climate warmer and more humid (can make climates warm and wet or warm and dry depending on local conditions). Cold surface currents:

(measures air pressure): Falling pressure often means stormy or unsettled weather is approaching. Rising pressure suggests calming/sunnier weather. Example: If pressure falls steadily through the afternoon, forecast likely: stormy or bad weather.

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Unit 3 Weather Study

Term	Definition
Troposphere	Closest to Earth; where weather happens (clouds, rain); airplanes fly in lower part.
Stratosphere	Contains the ozone layer; commercial jets sometimes cruise near its lower region; temperature increases with altitude here.
Mesosphere	Meteors burn up here; temperatures decrease with altitude.
Thermosphere	Auroras occur; very thin air; temperature increases with altitude; satellites begin to orbit in upper parts.
Exosphere	Outermost layer; very sparse gas; satellites orbit here.
Evaporation	Liquid water becomes water vapor. This process absorbs energy (heat from the Sun).
Transpiration	Water released from plants into the air; also absorbs energy (driven by heat for evaporation from leaves).
Condensation	Water vapor cools and forms droplets (clouds). Condensation releases energy into the atmosphere (latent heat).
Precipitation	Droplets fall as rain/snow due to gravity — this is driven by gravity.
Surface runoff and infiltration/percolation	Water moves across or into the ground; largely driven by gravity.
Sublimation	Solid (ice/snow) becomes water vapor, absorbs energy
Cloud formation and condensation evidence	Condensation requires cooling of water vapor and tiny particles (dust, smoke) called condensation nuclei.
	Look at forecast clues: high relative humidity (near 100%), fog, clouds, and precipitation indicate condensation is occurring. For example, 100% relative humidity with fog indicates condensation (water vapor turning into droplets).
Warm surface currents:	Warm the air above them. Tend to make the coastal climate warmer and more humid (can make climates warm and wet or warm and dry depending on local conditions). Cold surface currents:
	Cool the air above them. Tend to make coastal climates cooler and often drier (can create cooler and dry conditions, sometimes stable air and fog).
Barometer	(measures air pressure): Falling pressure often means stormy or unsettled weather is approaching. Rising pressure suggests calming/sunnier weather. Example: If pressure falls steadily through the afternoon, forecast likely: stormy or bad weather.
Relative humidity

Created by: user-1970367

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