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AP Bio - Genetics

QuestionAnswer
character observable physical traits
traits forms of a character
true breading pure bread or homozygous
P generation parent generation
F1 generation first generation of offspring
hybrid An organism that has two different alleles for a trait, heterozygous
genotype genetic makeup
phenotype expressed traits
monohybrid cross A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits. 3:1 phenotype ratio and 1:2:1 genotype ratio
Law of Segregation Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
test cross Testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive
heterozygous dihybrid cross 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio
alleles different versions of a gene
wild-type allele most common allele in a population
incomplete dominance alleles are neither dominant or recessive so the heterozygotes are a mix of both alleles
codominance situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism
epistasis when the phenotypic expression of 1 gene is affected by another gene
gene linkage the tendency of DNA sequences that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together during the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction
recombinant frequency the proportion of offspring of a genetic cross that have phenotypes different from the parental phenotypes due to crossing over between linked genes during gamete formation
X-linked traits Genes located on the X chromosome.
Created by: lreynal
 

 



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