Central Nervous System (CNS):

The brain and spinal cord; controls the body.

The control center that thinks, feels, and controls actions.

A bundle of nerves that sends messages between brain and body.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):

All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

A nerve network that controls the arms and hands.

Nerve that controls the ring and pinky fingers.

Nerve that helps move the arm and wrist.

Nerve that controls thumb and first two fingers.

Largest nerve; runs from lower back down the leg.

Controls balance and coordination.

Controls basic life functions like breathing and heartbeat.

Controls thinking, planning, and movement.

Processes touch and body position.

Receives touch, pain, and temperature signals.

Controls voluntary muscle movement.

Carries messages between brain and body.

Controls emotions, especially fear.

Controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, and hormones.

Connects the left and right brain hemispheres.

Main hormone-controlling gland.

Relays sensory information to the brain.

Helps control breathing and sleep.

Controls heartbeat and breathing.

Controls eye movement and reflexes.

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In Depth Brain

Term	Definition
Central Nervous System (CNS):	The brain and spinal cord; controls the body.
Brain	The control center that thinks, feels, and controls actions.
Spinal Cord	A bundle of nerves that sends messages between brain and body.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):	All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
Brachial Plexus:	A nerve network that controls the arms and hands.
Ulnar Nerve:	Nerve that controls the ring and pinky fingers.
Radial Nerve:	Nerve that helps move the arm and wrist.
Median Nerve:	Nerve that controls thumb and first two fingers.
Sciatic Nerve:	Largest nerve; runs from lower back down the leg.
Occipital Lobe:	Processes vision.
Cerebellum	Controls balance and coordination.
Brain Stem:	Controls basic life functions like breathing and heartbeat.
Frontal Lobe:	Controls thinking, planning, and movement.
Temporal Lobe:	Processes hearing and memory.
Parietal Lobe:	Processes touch and body position.
Wernicke’s Area:	Helps understand language.
Broca’s Area:	Controls speech production.
Sensory Cortex:	Receives touch, pain, and temperature signals.
Motor Cortex:	Controls voluntary muscle movement.
Spinal Cord:	Carries messages between brain and body.
Gyrus (Gyri):	Raised folds of the brain.
Sulcus (Sulci):	Grooves between brain folds.
Amygdala:	Controls emotions, especially fear.
Hypothalamus:	Controls hunger, thirst, body temperature, and hormones.
Olfactory Bulbs:	Process smell
Limbic System:	Controls emotions and memory.
Hippocampus:	Forms new memories.
Corpus Callosum:	Connects the left and right brain hemispheres.
Pineal Gland:	Controls sleep cycles.
Pituitary Gland:	Main hormone-controlling gland.
Thalamus:	Relays sensory information to the brain.
Pons:	Helps control breathing and sleep.
Medulla Oblongata:	Controls heartbeat and breathing.
Midbrain:	Controls eye movement and reflexes.

Created by: user-1898601

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